<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The knee joint is a common site of injury, mainly due to trauma, repetitive activities and sports activities. Multiple imaging modalities are currently used to evaluate pathologic conditions of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging has a better soft tissue contrast and multi planar slice capability, which has revolutionized and has become the ideal modality for imaging complex anatomy of the knee joint. Another advanced modality in the management of IDK is arthroscopy, which can be used in its dual mode, either as diagnostic and/or as therapeutic tool.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cases were taken according to inclusion and exclusion criteria i.e., patients with knee problems more than 6weeks old, with symptoms of locking of knee, patients with undiagnosed knee pain and knee injury. Only patients between 15-50 years are included in the study. Patients with signs of infection, with osteoarthritis, ankylosis, and patients on ATT were excluded from the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study of 25 cases, there were 20 male and 5 female patients with age ranging from 15 years to 50 years with most patients in between 21-30 years. 11 cases admitted were sport injuries, 14 had motor vehicle accidents. Right side being more common side affected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In conclusion the present study supports that clinical diagnosis is of primary necessity and MRI is additional diagnosing tool for IDK. </p>

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hip joint is ball and socket joint. In weight bearing the pressure forces are transmitted to the head and neck of the femur at an angle of 165 degrees to 170 degrees regardless of position of pelvis. The plane of the force coincides with strongly developed trabeculae that lie in the medial portion of the femoral neck and extend upwards through the supero-medial aspect of the femoral head. These trabeculae are in line with similar pressure trabeculae that start at acetabulum and run upwards and medial to sacro-iliac joint.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> After the patient with intertrochanteric fracture was admitted to our hospital, all the necessary clinical details were recorded in the proforma prepared for this study. After the completion of the hospital treatment patients were discharged and called for follow-up to outpatient department at regular intervals (6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 12 months) for clinical and radiological evaluation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common age group was in the range of 60 to 70 yrs. Most common mode of injury was trivial fall in this series. 56% of the patients having type II BOYD and GRIFFIN fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most common mode of injury in young patients is the road traffic accident while most common mode of injury in older patients is the simple fall (domestic fall). </p>

Inter-condylar fracture of the distal humerus is uncommon injuries and is difficult and challenging fracture for treatment. Restoration of the articular surface of distal humerus must be nearly perfect and sufficiently rigid to permit early mobilization of the elbow if the results is to be satisfactory. This was a prospective study of 20 cases of intercondylar fracture of distal humerus in adults admitted to medial trust hospital. In our series of 20 cases, there were 9 males and 11 females with average of 44.1 years. 9 cases were due to direct fall and 11 road traffic accident, with predominance of left side (11). Out of 20 cases 5 (25%) were of RR type II, 12 (60%) were of RR III and 3 (15%) were of RR IV.Keywords: intercondylar; fracture; orif; humerus IntroductionInter-condylar fractures in adults are challenging to treat and require careful judgement and skill on the part of a surgeon. It may be impossible to secure any degree of accuracy in reduction by manipulation alone; and operative reduction and internal fixation presents considerable problems of surgical technique. In the young adult, it is important to obtain as near an anatomical reduction of the articular surfaces as possible. In the elderly patient with an excessively comminuted fracture in osteoporotic bone, fixation is often poor. It must be emphasized that any method of treatment that requires prolonged immobilization is likely to result in fibrosis and ankylosis of the joint [1] . Prior to 1960, the consensus favoured non-operative management because of poor operative results. Since the advent of modern implants and surgical techniques permitting rigid internal fixation and early motion, recent publications favour operative management [2] . The various methods of treatment are defended vigorously by their proponents. The most ardent are adherent of closed reduction; Watson-Jones doubted if results of internal fixation can ever be better than that of closed reduction. He said internal fixation is a difficult operation not to be taken lightly -"Anyone who has operated upon these badly broken and comminuted fractures of the lower end of the humerus must have been impressed by the extreme difficulty in fixing the fragments in their proper position". He stated that there can be little doubt that the worst treatment of comminuted inter-condylar fractures of the humerus is extensive operative reduction with internal fixation by triradiate plates, and many screws. Such operations by stripping the blood supply of the partly detached fragments and causing adhesion of muscles to bone cause serious stiffness. He was also of the opinion that since it is a flexion injury with forward displacement, it should not be immobilized in acute flexion. Even right-angled position is not entirely safe. He advised manipulation and immobilization in a plaster slab in the mid-flexed position as the safest conservative measure. The plaster slab is discarded in 2-3 weeks and the joint mobilized by the patient's own activity [3,4] . In 1937 Eastwood, advocated the ...