Bactericidal effects of five disinfectants were evaluated in terms of phenol coefficient. In the study, several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, P. cepacia and Achromobacter xylosoxidans were used. Bactericidal activities of phenol, saponated cresol solution and povidone iodide solution were not so strong, but the range of difference of phenol coefficients by strain was limited. 10% benzethonium chloride solution and 5% chlorhexidine solution generally showed stronger activity than the remaining three disinfectants. But the bactericidal effect of the two solutions varied depending upon the strains of the organisms.Chlorhexidine solution in the currently prevailing concentration was found to be ineffective against P. cepacia.

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Olive mill wastewater (OMW), a major by-product of the olive oil production industry, is rich in polyphenolic compounds that impart health benefits to several animals. Here, we evaluated the effects of OMW addition on the nutrients, quality, and bacterial composition of fermented total mixed ration (TMR). Different amounts of OMW (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% in fresh matter) as a substitute for water were mixed with the formulated TMR and fermented for 4 weeks. At the initial stages of fermentation, OMW significantly altered the dry matter, pH, and lactic acid content; however, it had minor effects on most macronutrients, quality parameters, and bacterial flora in the final TMR product. OMW (10%) supplementation improved the polyphenolic compound content in the fermented TMR. However, OMW (10% and 20%) increased lipid levels beyond the recommended level of 3% in cow diets. OMW supplementation did not affect the microbial composition of TMR, except for an increased abundance of Weissella. These findings suggest that supplementation of 5–10% OMW improves the quality parameters of TMR without affecting the nutrient composition of fermented TMR. OMW can be used in cow feed; however, further studies involving feeding trials are needed to validate the effects of OMW on cows.