Major carp is a group of fish species commonly cultured in Indian Subcontinent. Fish is the major source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. With the robust increase in human population, the demand of food is also increasing. To overcome the food, demand many food sectors are working in line to cope with the protein requirements management of brood stock and successful breeding is also very important. Estimation of degree-hours for the spawning response, hatching of brood stock and their fertilization rate, hatching rate of fish eggs is one of the major aspects of hatchery management. Degree-hours is a standard unit that is used to measure the heat requirement for spawning and hatching while data is scarce for many species. The current study was designed to investigate the degree-hours to spawning and hatching for major carps i.e., Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) during May to August 2022 at Punjab Fish Seed Hatchery, Rawal Town Islamabad, Pakistan. Two triplets (one male and two females) of each species were selected for induced breeding. Ovaprim was administrated at the rate of 0.5ml/kg for female and 0.2ml/kg for male to stimulate ovulation and spermitation respectively. Both species showed ovulation rate (100%). Spawning was occurred after 9.35±0.4299 hours in Rohu and in Mrigala 10.18±0.4393 hours at average water temperature of 26.3±0.575. Degree-hours to spawning in Rohu and Mrigala were calculated as 248.6±9.35 and 264.6±5.625 respectively. Higher fertilization rate (87.23±2.029%) and hatching rate (84.88±1.7747%) were observed in Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala) as compared to Rohu (Labeo rohita) i.e. (85.75±1.856%) and (81.75±1.525%) respectively. Hatching activity proceeded rapidly in Rohu and completed in 741.025±14.532 degree-hours while, in Mrigala it occurred in 778.43±9.1972 degree-hours. This was a first documented report on effect of degree-hours on induced breeding of indigenous carps of Pakistan i.e., Rohu and Mrigala under controlled hatchery environment.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptorassociated factor 6 (TRAF6) on promoting proliferation (Pro) of prostate transitional zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ) cells by activating the insulin-like growth factor 1-protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (IGF1-Akt/mTOR) signaling, providing a research basis for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) therapy. In vitro proliferative prostate tissue specimens from patients with BPH were collected and classified into PZ and TZ tissues. A TRAF6 interference lentivirus was utilized to measure the expression levels of IGF1 and TRAF6 in the prostatic tissue matrix. The impact of TRAF6 on cell growth in the matrix of TZ and PZ tissues was analyzed, the TRAF6 level in the matrix of TZ and PZ tissues was explored, and its role in the phosphorylation process under growth factor stimulation was demonstrated. IGF1 and TRAF6 levels in the matrix of TZ tissue were superior to those in PZ tissue. After TRAF6 expression was inhibited, the Pro activity of TZ matrix cells slowed down, while after it was enhanced, the Pro activity of PZ matrix cells was dramatically increased. The TRAF6 in the inhibition group of TZ tissue was greatly lower, while that in the enhancement group of PZ tissue was greatly higher. It was concluded that TRAF6 promotes Pro of prostate TZ and PZ cells by activating the IGF1-Akt/mTOR signaling.