The present study is designed to evaluate the impact of potential probiotics Enterococcus faecium QAUEF01 in single and its mix-culture with Geotrichum candidum QAUGC01 on the Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822). In the mix-culture, both bacteria and yeast survived comparatively better under mimic gut conditions and showed higher hydrophobicity. Moreover, mix-culture showed comparatively more antipathogenic activity. A feeding trial of 90 days for L. rohita fingerlings comprising of three treatments, control group fed on basal diet, second group fed on E. faecium supplemented diet and third group was fed on mix-culture probiotics supplemented diet. Mix-culture probiotics fed group showed significantly higher (P<0.05) growth as compared to control. Better specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly correlated with the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE), protease and cellulase activity in probiotic fed fishes. The applied probiotics established well in fish gut and shown no harmful impact on fish physiology. Probiotic application distinctly modulated fish gut microbiome evident by increased level of friendly microbiota and exclusion of potential fish pathogens. The results suggested an effective eco-friendly strategy to boost the fish productivity.

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Aucklandia costus Falc. (Synonym: Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.) is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The dried rhizome is an essential herb in the traditional systems of medicine in India, China and Tibet. The important pharmacological activities reported for Aucklandia costus are anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fatigue activities. The objective of this study was the isolation and quantification of four marker compounds in the crude extract and different fractions of A. costus and the evaluation of the anticancer activity of the crude extract and its different fractions. The four marker compounds isolated from A. costus include dehydrocostus lactone, costunolide, syringin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. These four compounds were used as standard compounds for quantification. The chromatographic data showed good resolution and excellent linearity (r2 ˃ 0.993). The validation parameters, such as inter- and intraday precision (RSD < 1.96%) and analyte recovery (97.52–110.20%; RSD < 2.00%),revealed the high sensitivity and reliability of the developed HPLC method. The compounds dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were concentrated in the hexane fraction (222.08 and 65.07 µg/mg, respectively) and chloroform fraction (99.02 and 30.21 µg/mg, respectively), while the n-butanol fraction is a rich source of syringin (37.91 µg/mg) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (7.94 µg/mg). Further, the SRB assay was performed for the evaluation of anticancer activity using lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The hexane and chloroform fractions show excellent IC50 values of 3.37 ± 0.14 and 7.527 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, against the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3).