PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the existing status of environmental disclosure practices in Indian core sector companies.Design/methodology/approachWaste disposal costs and other environmental liability costs are crucial information to be disclosed by core sector companies as they have direct impact on the environment. A content analysis of the annual reports of select core sector companies across four industries, viz. Oil and petrochemicals, Mining and minerals, Steel and Cement, has been undertaken to study the extent and nature of their environmental disclosures in their annual reports for 2007‐2008.FindingsThe study shows that the level of disclosure of environmental information varies across industries as well as companies and the information revealed in the annual reports is found to be more qualitative than quantitative.Practical implicationsThe disclosure made by the core sector companies does not adequately cover the informational needs of stakeholders. However, the increasing disclosure trends can be considered as a first step toward improved environmental disclosure. The study therefore supports the need for a suitable framework for environmental disclosure, such that all the stakeholders can use it as credible information.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by evaluating voluntary environmental disclosures made by Indian core sector companies in their annual report. Further work based on this preliminary finding may be done to assess the status of environmental disclosure for a larger sample of Indian core sector companies.

Purpose -The purpose of this study is to assess the students' perception about the importance of incorporating environmental reporting practices, standards, and other issues in Management Accounting course. Design/methodology/approach -Environmental issues provide a unique, timely, and important focus for developing a course in Indian management pedagogy, which shall help in demonstrating the usefulness of environmental accounting information in supporting corporate environmental strategies while assessing environmental performance. Assessment measurements that may capture the impact of reformed academic programs are necessary to judge the success and failure of management education reforms. This paper carries out such an assessment process by offering a course on environmental accounting as an intervention, to a sample of 28 management students enrolled in a higher educational institution in India imparting management education. A questionnaire is administered to these students before and after the intervention in order to understand the difference of their perception level. Findings -The results suggests a significant difference in the perception level of students about the utility of incorporating environmental reporting practices in Management Accounting course before and after the administration of the reformed program. Originality/value -The paper is unique in its attempt to understand the Indian management students' perception of knowledge and usefulness with environmental accounting in their regular course, from which a more detailed evaluation can be derived. Further work based on this preliminary finding may be used to develop a proposed environmental accounting course framework for management students in India.

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Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of uncertain etiology, which predominantly affects the lungs, eyes, lymph nodes, and skin. Nervous system involvement (neurosarcoidosis) occurs in approximately 5–10% of patients, but spinal cord involvement is very rare, affecting <1% of patients. We present a rare case of intramedullary sarcoidosis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often affects females of reproductive age and Cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent leading to premature ovarian insufficiency (POF) and labelled category D for pregnancy is used as induction therapy for severe manifestations of lupus. There have been multiple case series reflecting variable outcomes of pregnancies after cyclophosphamide use for cancers and autoimmune diseases. With increasing maternal age, we have an increasing population of lupus patients who may wish to conceive after having received cyclophosphamide therapy. The objective of our study was to improve our understanding of the impact of cyclophosphamide exposure on fertility and pregnancy outcomes in patients with SLE. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients who had received intravenous cyclophosphamide at our academic institute in the time period from 2000–2018 and identified 440 patients which included 157 female patients of reproductive age. There were 37 documented pregnancies after the cyclophosphamide infusion, of which 23 patients had successful outcomes; 4 elective abortion and 10 miscarriages. There were 17 patients who developed POF, of which 7 also had end stage renal disease. The average cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide in the patients who had successful pregnancy was 4080.37 mg compared to 2806.25 mg in those who had a miscarriage (p 0.164) and 5526.47 mg in those who developed POF (p 0.046). Using multiple regressions to evaluate risk factors impacting pregnancy outcomes, when taken as a set, the predictors including race, serological profile, exposure to steroids and Mycophenolate mofetil, age at cyclophosphamide infusion, age at pregnancy, and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose accounted for 46.29% of the variance in outcome of pregnancy (p 0.23) and 39.58% of the variance in development of premature ovarian failure (p 0.008). We noted statistical significance in the impact of maternal age at time of pregnancy (p 0.04) and duration of time between the last infusions to subsequent pregnancy (p 0.02) to pregnancy outcome. Our findings suggest that a longer time interval between the last cyclophosphamide infusion and subsequent pregnancy was favorable for a successful outcome and higher cumulative cyclophosphamide dose is more likely to be associated with premature ovarian failure.