Dental infections can be caused by dental caries, pulpal necrosis, trauma, and periodontal disorders, and they can have serious effects that impact both the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Pain, fever, and edema are frequent signs of dental infections. Early treatment of infected teeth includes surgical and endodontic procedures, followed by antibiotic medication. Antibiotics are used to treat odontogenic infections, oral non-odontogenic infections, as well as to prevent local infection and spread to nearby tissues and organs. Furthermore, overprescribing antibiotics can have major consequences, including bacterial resistance, gastrointestinal and hematological disorders, and bacterial microbiota diversion. The purpose of this study is to outline the reasons for antibiotic therapy in dentistry and to highlight the most often used antibiotics in dental practice.