Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women, and in those with a positive family history, it is important to perform mammography. One of the probable barriers in doing mammography is fatalism. Methods This is a descriptive/cross-sectional study conducted on 400 women residing in Isfahan, Iran, randomly selected in 2017. Sampling was done randomly among the enrolled women in Health Integrity System. The data collection tool was a questionnaire regarding the demographic-fertility information and fatalism. The data analysis was done by SPSS software. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results showed that the mean rate of fatalism was 59.5 ± 23.2 in women with the experience of mammography, and 65.9±18.7 in women without the experience. Moreover, the mean rate of fatalism was 73.1±15.2 in subjects with a family history of breast cancer, and 59.3 ± 22.5 in those no family history related to this condition. Accordingly, fatalism was statistically significant associated (P < 0.001) with a family history of breast cancer and experience of mammography. There was no significant relationship between demographic information and fatalism (P > 0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that fatalism in women with no experience of mammography was higher than in those with a positive history. Regarding the necessity of mammography in women with a family history of breast cancer, the required interventions seem to be essential to changing the viewpoints of women regarding the importance and effect of mammography as a screening method for breast cancer.

Background:Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer deaths among women. Breastfeeding is presented as a probable protective factor against breast cancer, however, the effect of different breastfeeding patterns and duration of breastfeeding on this factor is not well determined. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate factors related to breastfeeding and breast cancer.Materials and Methods:This case–control study was conducted on 98 women with breast cancer and 198 healthy women who were selected through systematic random sampling method. Studied variables included demographic characteristics, reproduction characteristics, duration of breastfeeding, and breastfeeding pattern. The study variables were measured using a researcher-made questionnaire through self-report method. The two groups were matched in terms of place of residence and age. The data analysis was performed using logistic regression.Results:A relationship was observed between breast cancer and marital status (P = 0.04), education level (P = 0.02), individuals’ perspectives of their economic status (P = 0.001), and lack of breastfeeding (P = 0.006). However, no relationship was found between breast cancer and reproductive factors. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that breast cancer only had a relationship with individuals’ perspectives of their economic status with OR of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.16–0.59).Conclusions:The results showed that there was no relationship between breast cancer and reproductive factors and breastfeeding pattern. Due to the difference between the findings of this research and other researches, genetic, epigenetic, and cultural differences must be considered in the evaluation of risk factors for breast cancer.

Purpose Therapeutic interventions lead to impaired sexual health in women undergoing breast cancer treatment. There are some problem such as vaginal dryness, decreased libido, decreased sexual satisfaction, and decreased frequency of sexual intercourse among breast cancer survivors. This study was conducted to discover the sexual experiences of women undergoing breast cancer treatment. Methods A total of 39 semi-structured interviews were held with the women undergoing breast cancer treatment, husbands, and health care providers. Recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Three categories of cultural and gender taboos, adherence to subjective norms, and hidden values in sexuality were revealed. The cultural and gender taboos category consisted of subcategories of learned sexual shame, fear of judgment, sexual schemas, and gender stereotypes. The adherence to subjective norms category consisted of subcategories of sexual socialization, being labeled as a disabled woman and the priority of being alive to sexuality. The hidden values in sexuality category consist of subcategories of Task-based sexuality, Tamkin, and Sexuality prevents infidelity. Conclusions Socio-cultural beliefs affect the sexual health of women undergoing breast cancer treatment, so paying attention to this issue can improve the quality of sexual health services.

Although the efficacy of breast cancer screening in Iran has improved, the participation of women is not yet at a satisfactory level. Some personality factors can prevent women from attending breast cancer screening and most tumors are still diagnosed at an advanced stage. We conducted a descriptive exploration study in which we recruited healthcare providers, policymakers, and clients in Iran as participants. We used conventional content analysis with an inductive approach and gathered data from 2 discussion groups and some semistructured interviews. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: selflessness, fatalistic beliefs, and emotional responses. These factors contributed to screening behavior as both inhibitors and facilitators. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is beneficial for the health of infants and mothers. It is a complex social behavior that may be influenced by social support. The study aimed to determine the relationship between perceived social support of breastfeeding women and their breastfeeding patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional study on 300 mothers with 6-month infants or younger who were selected randomly. The data collection tool consisted standard social support and breastfeeding patterns questionnaires. We analyzed data using descriptive and analytical tests and SPSS 18 at a significance level of < 0.05. RESULTS: The results indicated that 85%, 82.2%, and 38% of the infants were exclusively breastfed at 1 week, 4, and 6 months after delivery, respectively. The result of post hoc LSD test indicated that the mean number of supporters for mothers, who were in the 6th month of delivery, was significantly lower than other times (P = 0.001). The one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant difference between perceived satisfaction of social support at different periods after delivery (P = 0.92). Despite the present results, which indicated that the number of supporters and scores of satisfaction with support in exclusive breastfeeding were higher than other groups, the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The mean number of supporters was less in women, who had 6-month-old infants, than mothers who had just given birth. It seems mothers with supplements and formula feeding patterns, such as breastfeeding mothers, may be supported to use these methods. Therefore, more studies are suggested on this field.