The effects of salinomycin on alkali cation transport and membrane functions in rat liver mitochondria have been investigated. After potassium uptake, stimulated by valinomycin or monazomycin in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, salinomycin caused rapid release of K+ from mitochondria. Salinomycin reversed valinomycin-or monazomycin-induced oscillatory swelling of mitochondria preloaded with K+, Rb+, and Na+ but was without effect on Li+ or Cs+ preloaded mitochondria. Salinomycin blocked the retention of K+ more effectively than the retention of Rb+ or Na+. Salinomycin inhibited both coupled and uncoupled respiration with strict substrate specificity in medium of low but not in high K+ concentration. The oxidation of glutamate, a-ketoglutarate, and malate plus pyruvate was inhibited by salinomycin, but that of 3-hydroxybutyrate or succinate was not significantly affected. Salinomycin inhibited adenosine triphosphatase activity of mitochondria induced by valinomycin or monazomycin in K+ and Rb+ medium without significantly affecting adenosine triphosphatase activity in Li+, Na+, or Cs+ medium. Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria was inhibited by sklinomycin but the inhibitory effect of salinomycin lacked the substrate specificity observed for respiration. It is proposed that salinomycin perturbs mitochondrial functions by acting as a mobile carrier for alkali cations through membranes.

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Polyoxin inhibited the growth of a number of fungi with Pellicularia sasakii and Rhizoctonia solani being the most sensitive. The growth of P. sasakii in shake culture was inhibited completely at all growth stages by the antibiotic. P. sasakii which had been treated with polyoxin resumed growing when transferred to fresh Czapek-Dox medium. The inhibitory action of polyoxin was prevented by the addition of certain nitrogen compounds to the media. Dipeptides were the most effective, while a number of amino acids and bases had no effect. Although the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of polyoxin was modified by the addition of many nitrogen compounds, there

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