In order to reduce the cultivation area re uired for the p w t h of higher plants in space adoption o? algae. which ave a hipher photosynthetic ability, seems very suitable for obtaining oxygen and food as a useful source of high quality protein.The preliminary cultivation experiment for determining optimum cultivation conditions and for obtaining the critical design parameters of the cultivator itself has been conducted. Spirulina was cultivated in the 6-liter medium containing a sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and a cultivation temperature controlled using a thermostat. Generated o x r g e n r was separated using a pol propyrene porous ho low I er membrane module. Througt this experiment, oxygen gas (at a mnccntraiion of more than 46%) a t a rate of 100 -150 ml per minute could be obtained.

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The wet-oxidation c a t a l y s i s of Au, Pd, P t , Rh o r Ru on a ceramic honeycomb c a r r i e r w a s t r a c e d i n d e t a i l by 1 6 t o 20 r e p e t i t i v e b a t c h t e s t s each. As a r e s u l t , P t o r Pd on a honeycomb c a r r i e r was shown t o c a t a l y z e c o m p l e t e n i t r o g e n g a s i f i c a t i o n a s N2. Though t h e c a t a l y s t s which r e a l i z e both complete n i t r o g e n g a s i f i c a t i o n and complete o x i d a t i o n could not be found, t h e Ru+Rh c a t a l y s t was found t o be most promising. Ru honeycomb catalyzed both n i t r i f i c a t i o n and n i t r o g e n g a s i f i c a t i o n . PREFACEWet-oxidation i s t h e r e a c t i o n i n which s o l u b l e o r suspended organic m a t e r i a l s a r e oxidized i n a pressure v e s s e l a t a temperature of 120 t o 374s: and a residence t i m e of s e v e r a l minutes t o h o u r s i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f oxygen and l i q u i d w a t e r . The r e a c t i o n c a n be c a r r i e d o u t b o t h i n a batch system and i n a continuous system. The main advantage of wet-oxidation, when a p p l i e d t o t h e waste management system f o r CELSS (closed-ecological-life-support-system) i n a spaceship, i s i n t h a t , as a type of o x i d a t i o nr e a c t i o n s , it can produce carbon dioxide, which i s e s s e n t i a l t o p l a n t photosynthesis, from t h e raw material of organic waste. I n a wider sense, as it i s a m i n e r a l i z a t i o n r e a c t i o n , i t can a l s o play a p a r t as a r e -d i s t r i b u t i o n c e n t e r of elements t o each u n i t of t h e CELSS. The o t h e r advantages of wet-oxidation a r e (1) no biomass reproduction, (2) t h e s t a b i l i t y of t h e r e a c t i o n , (3) t h e s t o i c h i o m e t r i c a l l y r e q u i r e d amount of oxygen t o be introduced, ( 4 ) s h o r t r e t e n t i o n t i m e and small i n s u l a t i o n s p a c e , (5) no a d d i t i v e s , ( 6 ) no b a c t e r i a o r v i r u s ,h e a t r e c o v e r y and s o on. Among t h e s e a d v a n t a g e s , t h e f i r s t p o i n t i s t h e most i m p o r t a n t and t h e 4 t h p o i n t i s a l s o important i n t h e i n i t i a l development s t a g e of CELSS. But wet-oxidation has a l s o disadvantages. I n a previous r e p o r t / I / , t h e a u t h o r showed t h a t : (1) I n wet-oxidation without c a t a l y s t s , non-oxidizable a c e t i c a c i d i s i n e v i t a b l l y produced as a by-product and complete o x i d a t i o n cannot be c a r r i e d out. This prevents t h e wet-oxidation system from playing a p a r t as t h e r e -d i s t r i b u t i o n c e n t e r o f C02,and elements i n CELSS. (2) I n wet-oxidation, t h e organic n i t r o g e n i n raw m a t e r i a l is transformed e x c l u s i v e l y t o ammonia and n o t t o n i t r o g e n g a s (N2) o r n i t r a t e f o r m , b o t h o f which a r e t h e main c h e m i c a l forms of n i t r o g e n needed f o r CELSS. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e a u t h o r s showed t ...

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