ObjectivesThe main objective of the present study is to evaluate the mitigative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Momordica cymbalaria fruits against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced hepatotoxicity.MethodsIn this study, Wistar male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each. Group I and II served as normal and toxic controls. Group III as plant control received extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o and Groups IV and V as treatment groups received extract at a dose 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt, p.o for 30 days. All groups except Groups I and III received 100 ppm of NaF through drinking water. After completion of the study, blood collected for the estimation of liver blood serum biomarkers such as aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin, total protein and albumin. The liver tissue homogenate was for estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels.ResultsThe results showed that NaF intoxication caused elevation of liver blood serum levels and lipid peroxidation; decreased levels of serum total protein, albumin and liver reduced glutathione, and catalase observed. The treatment groups showed decreased elevated serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, and ALP), liver lipid peroxidation and increased serum total protein and albumin, liver reduced glutathione and catalase levels in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies also further strongly supported for mitigative effects of the plant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our findings of the study indicated that M. cymbalaria fruits were a potential drug candidate in the treatment of NaF induced hepatotoxicity.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the in vitro antioxidant and effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Arthrospira platensis (ASP) against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced toxic effects on soft tissues (heart, liver, and kidney).Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging, metal chelation, total antioxidant and reducing power assays, and total flavonoid and phenol content. In this study, 36 male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each. Animals were served as Group I - normal control, Group II - toxic control, and Groups III, IV, and V - treatment groups, which received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o), respectively. Group VI served as plant control received hydroalcoholic extract of ASP at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (p.o). All groups except Groups I and VI received NaF (100 ppm) through drinking water for 30 days.Results: Results showed that intoxication of NaF caused significant elevation of serum biomarkers of the heart, liver, and kidney and altered tissue oxidative stress markers’ levels. Administration of hydroalcoholic extract of ASP significantly normalized elevated serum levels of heart (p<0.001), liver (p<0.001, p<0.05), and kidney biomarkers (p<0.001). Decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in reduced glutathione and catalase enzyme levels in a dose-dependent manner were observed in soft tissues (p<0.001, p<0.01, and p<0.05).Conclusion: The study revealed that ASP has good antioxidant and mitigative action against NaF intoxication on soft tissues.

Background: Renal disease is a significant issue of global proportions and renal damage is very prevalent as the kidney has the ability to excrete toxic substances to assess the protective impact of the Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis Linn. (EEAS) plant leaves against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Nephroprotective activity was assessed by inflicting gentamicin (80 mg/kg) in all groups; acute kidney dysfunction is proven by the vital increment of blood serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN and decline in the total protein, albumin, and globulin with various histological damages. Results: Treatment with the Alternanthera sessilis has appeared critical dosage subordinate change at the measurements of 100 and 200mg/kg by securing the kidney from oxidative stretch. It is additionally recognized that treatment with Alternanthera sessilis essentially brought down the level of serum creatinine, uric acid, BUN and increment within the add up to protein, egg whites, globulin when compared to illness gather. Nephroprotective action of EEAS was found when compared with the standard bunch (Vitamin E 250 mg/kg) and control bunch against the infection gather creatures in parameters counting creatinine, urea, uric corrosive, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), add up to protein, egg whites and globulin. The histopathological considers were moreover proving the defensive impact of EEAS. Conclusion: From the above results it was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis offers nephroprotection.

Effects of supraphysiologic Glucocorticoid levels originating from exogenous administration of Glucocorticoids known as iatrogenic Cushing syndrome and endogenous overproduction by the adrenal gland (ACTH dependent) or by abnormal adrenocortical tissues (ACTH independent) known as ectopic Cushing syndrome. We report a case of a 50-year-old male patient with symptoms of abdominal distension, swelling of the face, fat deposition around the neck, buffalo hump, and loss of muscles in the upper limbs. The patient had a history of administration of Betamethasone 0.5mg for about 6 months and Methylprednisolone 16mg OD for 15 days. The patient was diagnosed with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. The steroid dose was tapered gradually to bring back the adrenal function to a normal position. The co-morbid condition leads to the overall worsening of health condition. Therefore, strict control of the co-morbid condition must be a priority. Similar management strategies were adopted by slowly tapering the dose of steroids weekly along with the addition of Furosemide and Metformin to the treatment regimen to control the underlying co-morbid conditions. The case was well managed with appropriate guidelines followed by medication. Identification and diagnosis of this kind of clinical condition are not always clear and consistent. Hence, awareness of diverse forms of presentation of this disorder should be encouraged. Clinical pharmacists have to be aware of these rare syndromes and support the clinicians in whatever ability is required. Far outreach to all healthcare professionals in the form of such case studies can also be an additional tool to create awareness.

The present study investigated the mitigative effect of Vitex negundo against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced cardio and nephrotoxicity. The hydroalcoholic extract of Vitex negundo leaves (HAEVNL) was prepared by the maceration method. Group I, Group II, and Group III served as normal, toxic, and plant control groups in the treatment schedule. Group IV and V (200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt, p.o) served as treatment groups. Group II, IV, and V treated with NaF (100ppm) through drinking water for 4 weeks. Cardiac and kidney parameters such as LDH, CK-MB, Lipid profile, Creatinine, Urea, and Uric acid were estimated. The heart and kidney tissues LPO, GSH, SOD, and CAT levels and histopathological studies were performed. Phytochemical investigation showed the alkaloids, saponins, phytosterols, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. Rats administered with NaF have demonstrated a significant rise in the LDH, CK-MB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Creatinine, Urea, and Uric acid. Tissue LPO levels increased while there was a significant decrease in serum HDL-C and tissue SOD, GSH, and CAT levels. Treatment with HAEVNL showed effective recovery against NaF-induced cardio and nephrotoxicity. The histopathological evaluation also added to the benefits of the Vitex negundo leaves. The study concluded that Vitex negundo leaf extract showed a significant antioxidant and mitigative effect against fluoride- induced cardio and nephrotoxicity in rats.