AOSLO FA provides an in vivo method for estimating foveal microvascular density and reveals occult nonperfused retinal capillaries. Nonperfused capillaries in healthy young adults may represent a normal variation and/or an early sign of pathology. Although limited, the normative data presented here is a step toward developing clinically useful microvascular parameters for ocular and/or systemic diseases.

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As demonstrated by these simulations, the PFO-BSS interface can deflect IOFBs dropped during surgery in a wide range of scenarios, especially when the IOFB is of lower mass.