This research evaluated the influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) on lesions of the facial nerve repaired with the end-to-side technique or coaptation with a new heterologous fibrin sealant. Thirty-two Wistar rats were separated into 5 groups: Control group (CG), where the buccal branch of the facial nerve was collected; Experimental Suture Group (ESG) and Experimental Fibrin Group (EFG), in which the buccal branch was end-to-side sutured to the zygomatic branch on the right side of the face or coaptated with fibrin sealant on the left side; Experimental Suture Laser Group (ESLG) and Experimental Fibrin Laser Group (EFLG), in which the same procedures were performed as the ESG and EFG, associated with PBMT (wavelength of 830nm, energy density 6.2J/cm, power output 30mW, beam area of 0.116cm, power density 0.26W/cm, total energy per session 2.16J, cumulative dose of 34.56J). The laser was applied for 24s/site at 3 points on the skin's surface, for a total application time of 72s, performed immediately after surgery and 3 times a week for 5weeks. A statistically significant difference was observed in the fiber nerve area between the EFG and EFLG (57.49±3.13 and 62.52±3.56μm, respectively). For the area of the axon, fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin sheath area and myelin sheath thickness no statistically significant differences were found (p<0.05). The functional recovery of whisker movement occurred faster in the ESLG and EFLG, which were associated with PBMT, with results closer to the CG. Therefore, PBMT accelerated morphological and functional nerve repair in both techniques.

Comparative study between standard and inside-out vein graft techniques on sciatic nerve repair of rats. Muscular and functional analysis 1 4-Experimental SurgeryActa Cir Bras. 2017;32(3):287-296 Abstract Purpose: To compare the functional result of standart vein grafts and inside-out vein graft technique on sciatic nerve repair. Methods: We used 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups: control group (CG), standard vein graft group (SVG), Inside-out vein graft group (IOVG) and denervated Group (DG). SVG, IOVG and DG underwent total section of the sciatic nerve, SVG and IOVG however underwent nerve repair surgery using a graft with normal jugular vein and inside-out jugular vein, respectively. Histological analysis of the soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL), and Sciatic Functional Index were used to compare the results after 6 weeks. Results: Both grafts acted favorably in muscle recovery and improved functionality; They were similar in all parameters, however, in more points SVG achieved similar to the CG, in the other hand IOVG more times was similar to DG. Fact that makes the graft with normal vein the most viable option between the two options. Conclusion: Both types of grafts acted beneficially wherein the graft normal vein has proved to be the best option 287Comparative study between standard and inside-out vein graft techniques on sciatic nerve repair of rats. Muscular and functional analysis Bueno CRS et al. Acta Cir Bras. 2017;32(3):287-296 288 For this purpose, the adhesion of the rat as an animal model was based on the fact that its physiological profile, its morphological structure and the biological processes involved in the nerve regeneration are quite similar to that of the human being, being a suitable model for this investigation 14 . The purpose of this study was to compare the muscular and functional results after sciatic nerve repair with the tubulization technique using the normal vein graft and the reverse vein graft, in order to determine the most favorable surgical option. ■ MethodsThe study was approved under the protocol 032/2011 by the Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo.Were used twenty-four male Wistar rats with 60 days of life in collective storage, with no restrictions on movement, respecting cycles of 12 hours of light / dark and average ambient temperature of 24°C. The animals were divided into four groups (n=6 each). Control Group (CG) and three experimental groups: Denervate Group (DG), Inside-Out Vein Graft (IOVG) and Standart Vein Graft (SVG). In all groups the right pelvic limb was used for the experimental study. The IOVG and SVG groups received autologous venous graft from the left jugular vein, but for the IOVG group, the jugular vein was inverted. Surgical proceduresThe animals were anesthetized with a combination of Ketamine Hydrochloride (Dopalen ® ) and Xilazine Hydrochloride (Anasedan ® ), administered intramuscularly at a dose of 0.10 ml/100g body weight in the dorsolateral region of the left hind paw. Subsequen...

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Objective To investigate if electrical stimulation through Russian current is able to maintain morphology of the cranial tibial muscle of experimentally denervated rats.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the Initial Control Group, Final Control Group, Experimental Denervated and Treated Group, Experimental Denervated Group. The electrostimulation was performed with a protocol of Russian current applied three times per week, for 45 days. At the end, the animals were euthanized and histological and morphometric analyses were performed. Data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05.Results The Experimental Denervated Group and the Experimental Denervated and Treated Group had cross-sectional area of smaller fiber compared to the Final Control Group. However, there was significant difference between the Experimental Denervated Group and Experimental Denervated and Treated Group, showing that electrical stimulation minimized muscle atrophy. The Experimental Denervated and Treated Group and Initial Control Group showed similar results.Conclusion Electrical stimulation through Russian current acted favorably in maintaining morphology of the cranial tibial muscle that was experimentally denervated, minimizing muscle atrophy.

The aim of this study was to identify the shape and route of the bony canal of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN) using different identification methods, including computed tomography (CT), panoramic radiograph, and macroscopic evaluation (corpse and dry skull). Twenty-four patients were analyzed by CT and panoramic and posterior anterior (PA) radiographs; additionally, 90 dry skulls and 21 dissected anatomical specimens were examined. Three-dimensional-CT revealed that the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus resembled a tunnel format in 60% of the treated patients. Out of all 24 patients, the panoramic radiograph identified the bony canal in only one patient; whereas the PA radiograph identified it in 80% of the patients. The dry skulls showed tunnellike routes of the PSAA and PSAN in 65% of the cases. Moreover, the pathway was also visibly observed in the dissected anatomical specimens as a straight shape in 85% of the cases. Thus, our results demonstrated that the most common shape of the bony canal of the PSAA and PSAN is the tunnel format with a straight route by 3D-CT, posterior anterior radiography, and macroscopic evaluation. However, in the panoramic radiographs, it was difficult to identify this canal.