About a quarter of human cerebral cortex is tiled with maps of the visual field. These maps can be 3 measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects view spatially modulated 4 visual stimuli, also known as 'retinotopic mapping'. One of the datasets collected by the Human 5Connectome Project (HCP) involved ultra-high-field (7 Tesla) fMRI retinotopic mapping in 181 healthy 6 adults (1.6-mm resolution), yielding the largest freely available collection of retinotopy data. Here, we 7 describe the experimental paradigm and the results of model-based analysis of the fMRI data. These 8 results provide estimates of population receptive field position and size. Our analyses include both results 9 from individual subjects as well as results obtained by averaging fMRI time-series across subjects at each 10 cortical and subcortical location and then fitting models. Both the group-average and individual-subject 11 results reveal robust signals across much of the brain, including occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal 12 cortex as well as subcortical areas. The group-average results agree well with previously published 13 parcellations of visual areas. In addition, split-half analyses demonstrate strong within-subject reliability, 14 further evidencing the high quality of the data. We make publicly available the analysis results for 15 individual subjects and the group average, as well as associated stimuli and analysis code. These 16 resources provide an opportunity for studying fine-scale individual variability in cortical and subcortical 17 organization and the properties of high-resolution fMRI. In addition, they provide a measure that can be 18 combined with other HCP measures acquired in these same participants. This enables comparisons 19 across groups, health, and age, and comparison of organization derived from a retinotopic task against 20 that derived from other measurements such as diffusion imaging and resting-state functional connectivity. 21 22. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/308247 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 25, 2018; 3 Introduction 1 2The central nervous system maps sensory inputs onto topographically organized representations. In the 3 field of vision, researchers have successfully exploited functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to 4 noninvasively measure visual field representations ('retinotopy') in the living human brain (Engel et al., 5 1994;Sereno et al., 1995; DeYoe et al., 1996; Engel et al., 1997). These efforts enable parcellation of 6 visual cortex into distinct maps of the visual field, thereby laying the foundation for detailed investigations 7 of the properties of visual cortex (parcellation references: Abdollahi et al., 2014;Benson et al., 2014; 8 Wang et al., 2015; review references: Tootell et al., 1996;Wandell et...

The pulvinar regulates information transmission to cortex and communication between cortical areas. The way the pulvinar interacts with cortex is governed by its intrinsic organization. Here, we show using fMRI that the human pulvinar is functionally heterogeneous, broadly separated into dorsal and ventral subdivisions based on characterization of response properties and functional connectivity with cortex. These differences mirrored the organization of the dorsal and ventral streams of visual cortex. The ventral subdivision of the pulvinar was functionally coupled with occipital and temporal cortex. The dorsal subdivision of the pulvinar was functionally coupled with frontal and parietal cortex. The dorsal subdivision was also coupled with the human-specific tool network and to the default mode network. The spatial organization of pulvino-cortical coupling reflected both the functional similarities and anatomical distances between cortical areas. Together, the human pulvinar appears to represent the entire visual system and the principles that govern its organization, though in a spatially compressed form.. CC-BY 4.0 International license It is made available under a (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/205039 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Oct. 18, 2017; 3 IntroductionThe pulvinar is anatomically heterogeneous and extensively interconnected with visual cortex. As a general principle, cortical areas that are directly connected are also indirectly interconnected via the pulvinar (Shipp, 2003). Through this connectivity, it is thought that the pulvinar regulates corticocortical communication (Jones, 2001;Shipp, 2003;Saalmann et al., 2012). The function of the pulvinar's influence on cortex is governed by its organization. Most of our understanding about the pulvinar comes from studies in non-human primates, though the broad organization of the human pulvinar appears to be similar to other primate species (Fig. 1). Across primates, the ventral pulvinar contains two well-defined maps of visual space (Allman et al., 1972;Bender, 1981;Li et al., 2013;. The ventral pulvinar is mainly connected with occipital visual areas and the dorsal pulvinar is connected with parietal and frontal regions (Shipp, 2003;Kaas and Lyon, 2007;Schmahmann and Pandya, 2008). Taken together, these data suggest a general distinction between the dorsal and ventral pulvinar.The organizational principles governing pulvino-cortical connectivity may be guided by several factors. Within the monkey pulvinar, anatomical cortical connections appear to be topographically organized with neighboring parts of cortex projecting to neighboring parts of the pulvinar (Baizer et al., 1993). In the dorsal pulvinar, posterior parietal areas project to lateral portions of the dorsal pulvinar with anterior parietal areas projecting to more medial portions of the dorsal pulvinar (Fig. 1b) (Sc...