The goal of this investigation was to compare the physical, chemical and microbial qualities of laboratory made and market spongy rosogolla. Two types of spongy rosogolla were made in laboratory from the cow and buffalo milk chhana to reveal the quality in regards of the species and three types of market spongy rosogolla were collected from three different shops. With regard to the physical attributes, laboratory made spongy rosogolla were found better than the market spongy rosogolla and cow milk spongy rosogolla was the best. In chemical aspects, laboratory made spongy rosogolla had greater pH, fat, protein, and ash content, whereas, market spongy rosogolla showed higher acidity and carbohydrate content. The moisture content of cow milk spongy rosogolla was highest. The mineral contents (Ca, P, and Mg) were also differed significantly (p<0.01) among the samples except for Na content. Highest Ca, P and Mg contents were found in market spongy rosogolla. The total viable count (TVC) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in laboratory made spongy rosogolla. However, the Escherichia coli count was found similar (p>0.05) in both cow and buffalo milk spongy rosogolla but lower (p>0.05) than other market spongy rosogolla samples. Considering all the findings, it may be concluded that the quality of market spongy rosogolla needs improvement and responsible authorities might take necessary initiatives for monitoring. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science, 51 (2): 81-84.

The objective of this study was to gure out the prevalence and probable causes of repeat breeding (RB) in dairy cows. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 265 dairy farms in Sirajganj, Bogura, Rangpur, Satkhira, and Munshiganj districts of Bangladesh from December 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected through a direct interview method using a survey questionnaire. The reproductive organs of repeat breeder cows were examined for anatomical defects, pathological, infectious, functional reasons, and genital tract abnormalities. Additionally, the in uence of nutrition, season, and age on the frequency of RB was recorded. Of the 3824 cows examined, the prevalence of RB was 28%. In this study, 98% of RB cases were exhibited in crossbred cows (Holstein-Friesian, 73%) than the indigenous (2%) cows. The prevalence of RB was signi cantly highest (P <0.01) in Satkhira (44.35%) and the lowest in the Munshiganj district (15.87%). Data indicated that a major proportion of cows signi cantly (P <0.05) faced RB problems due to functional causes (30.11%), followed by pathological (24.68%), genital tract abnormalities (18.79%), infectious (14.53%), and anatomical deformities (11.89%). Furthermore, the cows were remarkably (P <0.001) affected in RB during the summer season and nutritional de cient diseases like milk fever (70%).Age (3-7 years) had a signi cant (P <0.001) effect on the RB occurrence (90%) in crossbred cows. However, particular focus should be given to systematic breeding, balanced nutrition, arti cial inseminator e ciency, and hygienic inseminating tools to reduce RB incidence in high-yielding crossbred cows.