<b>Aim:</b> The aim of this study is to compare the association of 2D and 3D imagery with technical performance and operative time during laparoscopic surgery. </br></br> <b> Material and methods:</b> A systematic review of the literature was conducted through an online search in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and CNKI in order to identify articles published in English and Chinese from 2010 to 2020 that compared the clinical results of 2D and 3D laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. </br></br> <b> Results:</b> A total of 50 articles were included in the qualitative analysis. Out of these, 5 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis, according to which 3D laparoscopic surgery had a shorter surgery time than 2D laparoscopic surgery. </br></br> <b>Conclusions:</b> Compared with a 2D laparoscopic system, a 3D laparoscopic system can significantly reduce the operative time and errors and can increase the comfort of the surgeons performing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.