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This paper reports on the design of a new reactor configuration—an upflow fixed-bed combined anaerobic  –  aerobic reactor  —  can operate as a single treatment unit for the removal of nitrogen (≈150  mg N/L) and organic matter (≈1300  mg COD/L) from Lysine plant wastewater. L-Lysine, an essential amino acid for animal nutrition, is produced by fermentation from natural raw materials of agricultural origin, thus generating wastewater with high contents of organic matter and nitrogen. The best operational condition of the reactor was obtained with a hydraulic retention time of 35  h (21  h in the anaerobic zone and 14  h in the aerobic zone) and a recycling ratio (R) of 3·5. In this condition, the COD, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies were 97%, 96%, and 77%, respectively, with average effluent concentrations of 10 ± 36  mg COD/L, 2 ± 1  mg NH4+-N/L, 8 ± 3  mg Org-N/L, 1 ± 1  mg NH2−-N/L, and 26 ± 23  mg NH3−-N/L.

-The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the anaerobic bioreactor with fixedstructured bed (ABFSB) for brewery wastewater treatment with high volumetric organic loading rate (VOLR) and its comparison with a traditional packed-fixed bed bioreactor. Two different biomass support materials were tested, including polyurethane (PU) and polypropylene (PP) for both configurations. The best global efficiency was reached by the structured-fixed bed reactor with polyurethane as biomass support (SB PU). For a VOLR of 14.0 kg CODt m -3 d -1 (HRT of 8 h) and 20.3 kg CODt m -3 d -1 (HRT of 12 h), the SB PU reached the average CODt removal efficiencies (E COD ) of 81% and 71%, respectively. The results show that ABFSB is a promising technology for high organic matter and solids concentration wastewater treatment, but the type of the biomass support had a big impact on the reactors performance.

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