This investigation was conducted during the two successive seasons i.e. 2019 and 2020 on Zaghloul date palm grown at the experimental orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. This work conducted to study the effect of different sources of potassium fertilizers on fruiting of Zaghloul date palm under Qena condition. Potassium fertilization via nano-technology, vinasse and potassin were used. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design with three replications. It is evident from the obtained results that using nano-potassium, either soil dressing or foliar spray, as well as foliar spray of vinasse or potassin significantly increased the fruit retention, bunch weight and yield/palm compared to fertilize by potassium sulphate (check treatment). Also, these treatments significantly improved dates quality in terms of increasing fruit weight, flesh percentage, TSS, sugar percentages and anthocyanin contents moreover, decreasing total acidity and total tannins compared to fertilize with the recommended potassium doses via potassium sulphate. From the results, it could be concluded that fertilized Zaghloul date palm with potassium fertilization via foliar spray of either nano-potassium, vinasse or potassium to improve the fertilization efficiency and get high yield with best dates quality. In addition, hasten advance the fruit ripening and overcome potassium fertilization problems.

The beneficial effects of organic fertilization either alone or combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on growth, nutrient status and fruiting of Zaghloul date palms grown in sandy soil were investigated during 2006 and 2007 seasons. Organic manure was applied at 0.0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% combined with inorganic-N at 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0.0% of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilization of 1200 g/palm/year.The results also revealed that replacing 60-80% of nitrogen requirements for Zaghloul date palms grown in sandy soil by organic manure added once at winter season improved the growth and nutritional status of palms as well as yield and dates quality, in addition, saving nitrogen fertilization cost and reducing the environmental pollution problems.

The effect of organic manures on growth, nutrient status and fruiting of Roumi Red grapevines was studied during 2004 and 2005 seasons. The study was carried out at the experimental orchard of Qena Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University, Egypt. Two organic manures namely, filter mud cake and chicken manure were used either alone or combined with an inorganic source of nitrogen (N). Organic manures were applied at 0.0, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of the inorganic N fertilization (80g/vine/year).It is evident from the obtained results that applying organic N either alone or in combination with the inorganic form was very effective in improving growth, yield, leaf nutrient composition and berry quality of vines, compared to the complete application of N as an inorganic form. The increment was associated with increasing the amount of each organic manure. Organic N fertilization alone was superior to inorganic one in this respect.The obtained results also showed that applying 75 or 100% of the N requirements for Roumi Red grapevines in an organic form was very useful in improving yield and fruit quality. In addition , it decreases the environment at pollution problems.

The beneficial effects of organic fertilization either alone or combined with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on growth, nutrient status and fruiting of Zaghloul date palms grown in sandy soil were investigated during 2006 and 2007 seasons. Organic manure was applied at 0.0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% combined with inorganic-N at 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0.0% of the recommended dose of nitrogen fertilization of 1200 g/palm/year.The results also revealed that replacing 60-80% of nitrogen requirements for Zaghloul date palms grown in sandy soil by organic manure added once at winter season improved the growth and nutritional status of palms as well as yield and dates quality, in addition, saving nitrogen fertilization cost and reducing the environmental pollution problems.

The effect of bunch and fruit thinning on yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm grown in Experimental Orchard of Qena, Agriculture Faculty, South Valley University was studied during two successive seasons, 2006 and 2007. Fruit thinning was carried out by removing 20 or 30% of the bunch number/palm as well as cutting back or removing 20 or 30% of the spikelets of each bunch. Results showed that thinning 30% of fruit by cutting back strand tips significantly decreased bunch weight and yield/palm, whereas, other fruit thinning treatments insignificantly decreased the bunch weight and yield/palm compared with unthinned ones. On the other hand, thinning by removing 20 or 30% of bunch number per palm significantly increased the bunch weight but decreased yield/palm than unthinned Fruit thinning by either cutting back 30% of strand tips or removing 30% of total strands from the center of bunch were the best treatments. It could be suggested that, thinning 20 to 30 of strands either by cutting back or removing gave a reasonable yield and best fruit quality of Zaghloul date palm.