Pelapisan kaca dengan menggunakan prekursor pasir alam silika telah berhasil dibuat sebagai pengisi pada lapisan hidrofobik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi massa SiO2 terhadap sudut kontak dan transparansi yang dihasilkan. Pasir silika telah dimurnikan dan disintesis dengan TEOS dengan variasi 1 gram, 2 gram, 3 gram, dan 4 gram menggunakan metode sol-gel pada temperatur rendah. Pelapisan bahan dilakukan dua kali menggunakan metode dip-coating manual dan solvothermal dengan campuran HMDS dan n-hexane. Hasil sintesis ini kemudian dilakukan pengujian XRF yang menghasilkan konsentrasi kemurnian silika 90,9%, dilakukan uji XRD yang menghasilkan fasa quartz dan amorphus, uji PSA menghasilkan ukuran partikel 1000nm dan 550.5nm, uji FTIR didapatkan gugus fungsi siloksan dan gugus milik HMDS, uji UV-Vis menghasilkan peningkatan transparansi pada panjang gelombang 200-300nm, uji WCA didapatkan sudut kontak terbesar pada variasi massa 4gram yaitu sebesar 98ᵒ dan sudut kontak terkecil pada variasi massa 3 gram yaitu sebesar 93ᵒ. Serta dilakukan uji SEM didapatkan hasil morfologi dengan hierarki struktur telah berhasil dibuat.

Ultra-high-density zircon (ZrSiO4) ceramics were prepared using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique of zircon nanopowder with addition of three different sintering agents, i.e., Bi2O3, V2O5 and B2O3. The effect of each agent and the SPS parameters (temperature and pressure) on phase composition, microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the ceramics were evaluated. The identified crystalline phases of the sintered ceramics were zircon and monoclinic zirconia. The addition of sintering agent affects the structure of zircon ceramics, i.e. the lattice parameter and the crystallite size. The sintered ceramics reach relative densities up to 99.9% of the theoretical one when V2O5 or B2O3 was added. The densification of the zircon ceramics was confirmed by SEM observations. We found the ceramics exhibited thermal conductivity ranging from 0.39 to 0.61 Wm−1K−1 at 373 K while the coefficient of thermal expansion was 2.3-4.0×10-6 /○C and the Vickers hardness was obtained to be 9.52-12.66 GPa. The Young’s (E), bulk (B), and shear (G) moduli, Poisson’s ratio ν, Pugh’s ratio B/G, and the ratio of H_V^3/E^*2 of the ceramics are in a range of 240-288 GPa, 207-267 GPa, 91-109 GPa, 1.95-2.45, and 0.011-0.019 respectively. In general, we found that high-density, quasi-ductile zircon ceramics can be synthesized at a low sintering temperature and short holding time.

This research uses the Solid State method to produce LiNixFe1-xPO4 /C Composite Materials with variation Ni ion doping are x= 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03, Characterization was carried out using XRD, PSA, SEM and EIS. The results of XRD analysis showed that LiFePO4, Li3Fe2PO4 and Fe2O3 phases were formed. The conductivity test results show that the conductivity of the LFP/C precursor is 10.24x10-4 S/cm, the LiNi0.01Fe0.99PO4/C precursor is 7.75 x10-4 S/cm, the LiNi0.02Fe0.98PO4/C precursor is 10.334 x10-4 S/cm, and the precursor LiNi0.03Fe0.97PO4/C was 4.87 x10-4 S/cm . With the highest conductivity value at LiNi0.02Fe0.98PO4/C precursor.

Lithium Ferro Phosphate Carbon Composite (LFP/C) had been synthesized using solid-state reaction method. Magnetite sand Fe3O4 was used as Fe- source in LFP/C synthesized. Calcination temperature of the sample performed at 400, 500, and 600°C. The phase and composition of samples determined by Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The dominant identified phase at 400°C was diphosphate LiFeP2O7, and the others phases were nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3 and hematite Fe2O3. As the temperature getting higher the diphosphate phase LiFeP2O7 transform to nasicon Li3Fe2(PO4)3.The chemical bonds, lattice vibration and other structural features of the sample were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy in range of 1400 – 400 cm-1. Specific vibration modes in LFP-1 to LFP-3 for each bonding were shown by the high intense in certain wavenumber.