RESUMENLa autolesión tiene una alta frecuencia en adolescentes, por lo que son necesarios instrumentos adecuados para su medición y acciones preventivas. El objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar un instrumento válido y confiable que explorara la presencia de autolesión y aspectos muy poco abordados, como dificultad para dejar de lesionarse y el factor de riesgo denominado contagio social. De una muestra total (N = 629) no probabilística se obtuvo una muestra con distribución normal con N = 241 estudiantes de secundarias públicas del sur de la Ciudad de México, 89 hombres y 152 mujeres, con M = 12.37 años (DE = 2.28) y rango de 11-15 años. Los ítems del instrumento se elaboraron con base en la literatura y se sometieron a procedimientos de validación de contenido (evaluación de expertos), laboratorios cognoscitivos (para asegurar comprensión/significado de los ítems), validez de constructo, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), y consistencia interna (coeficientes alpha y omega). El AFC proyectó un modelo con tres factores (frecuencia, efecto adictivo y contagio social) con índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados y consistencia interna aceptable (alpha y omega = 0.94). Los resultados indican que el cuestionario es útil para evaluar aspectos relevantes de la autolesión; se discute la necesidad de complementar la información con entrevistas y de ahondar en el contagio social y la intención de autolesionarse. Palabras Clave:autolesión, adolescentes, contagio social, análisis factorial confirmatorio, validez de constructo ABSTRACT Self-injury has a high frequency in adolescents, so appropriate instruments are required for its measurement and preventive actions. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument that explores the presence of self-injury and aspects very little addressed, such as difficulty to stop injuring oneself and the risk factor called social contagion. From a non-probabilistic total sample (N = 629), a sample with a normal distribution was obtained with N = 241 public secondary students from southern Mexico City, 89 men and 152 women (M = 12.37 years, SD = 2.28, range 11-15 years) The items of the instrument were constructed based on the literature and subjected to content validation procedures (expert evaluation), cognitive laboratories (to ensure understanding/meaning of the items), construct validity, exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) and internal consistency (alpha and omega coefficients). The CFA yielded a model with three factors (frequency, addictive effect and social contagion) with adequate goodness of fit indexes and acceptable internal consistency (alpha and omega = 0.94). The results indicate that the questionnaire is useful to evaluate relevant aspects of the self-injury, it is duscussed the needed to complement the information with interviews, to focus on social contagion and the intention of sel-finjury.

La información sobre la relación de las autolesiones, las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR) e insatisfacción corporal y la conducta suicida en poblaciones no clínicas es escasa, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el potencial explicativo de dichas variables sobre riesgo suicida en una muestra no clínica de adolescentes. Participaron 94 estudiantes, M=14.07 años (DE=1.72). Se aplicaron instrumentos psicométricos online. Se realizaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple de riesgo suicida con la predicción de sintomatología depresiva (β=.63, p=.001) e impulsividad (β=.29, p=.01) en hombres, y sintomatología depresiva (β =.43, p=.001), efecto adictivo de autolesión (β=.35, p=.001) e insatisfacción corporal (β=.25, p=.01) en mujeres. Además, se elaboró un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales de riesgo suicida en mujeres con un ajuste aceptable (X2/gl=1.01 (p=.315) R2=.42 RMSEA=.014 GFI=.98 TLI=.99). Se halló que la insatisfacción corporal y las CAR influyen directa e indirectamente sobre el riesgo suicida en las mujeres, no así en los hombres.

Background: Reports of suicidal behavior have increased in Mexico for years. In order to develop a more adequate suicide prevention strategy, it is necessary to understand its predictive factors, so the purpose of this research was to propose a model of suicidal risk in young people, taking into account one of the most current theories on the subject, Joiner's interpersonal theory. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of young people with suicidal ideation from three regions of Mexico was obtained by online survey (N=411), with mean age of 17.89 years (SD. 1.2), 336 women (81.8%), and 75 men (18.2%). Results: First, a multiple linear regression model was created to predict suicidal risk based on thwarted belongingness and perceived burden with 17% explained variance; then a second model was generated with the same variables and including other factors associated with suicide such as self-injury desires, impulsivity and suicide attempts, in addition to variables associated with family conflicts, improving the explained variance to 34%. Lastly, two properly adjusted structural equation models were obtained, one focused on suicidal risk (R2=.21; RMSEA=.026; CFI=.99) and the other on ideation (R2=.18; RMSEA=.070; CFI=.98). Conclusions: The main factors that explain suicidal risk are depressive symptoms, perceived burden and desires for self-injury. Further research on the effect of painful experiences as factors that could predict suicide attempt is suggested.