Objective
To systematically reviews the costs, resource uses, clinical complication and quality of life among patients with spinal cord injury.
Methods
A systematic review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement was conducted through Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases.
Results
A total of 52 studies were eligible for inclusion. The estimated lifetime economic burden per individual with SCI ranges from $1.5 million to $3.0 million. Among studies which reported clinical outcomes, the mortality rates were estimated less than 4%, the most medical complication reported are spasticity, pain, pressures score and neurological deteriorations. Overall health status is negatively associated with QoL. People with a higher severity the of injury, a longer duration of injury, ambulatory mode, and with depression are more likely to report score low values of QoL. Employment and salary are consistently positively associated with better QoL. Age is negatively correlated with QoL.
Conclusions
Although spinal cord injury is related with high costs, no studies were found with detailed resources use. Also, A variety of instrument were used to examine how different factors have a role in predicting quality of life in spinal cord injury population. However, it is important to consider that differences found in those studies may at least be part in function of the instruments used. Therefore, standardized instruments should be used as part of these process.
Key messages
Paraplegia or the severity of SCI impact negatively quality of life and positively on healthcare and social costs. Promoting the employment of subjects with SCI generates a positive impact on their quality of life.
The design of electrode material for energy production and storage devices is becoming more and more timely in a world where energy is an essential pillar for development. This context urges us to develop and study the capacitive properties of polyaniline composite films – mixed oxide of Ni0.6 Co2.4O4 which can be used as electrode material. In the present study, the mixed oxides of Ni0.6Co2.4O4 were synthesized by the sol gel method via propionic acid. Polyaniline – Ni0.6Co2.4O4 composite films deposited on a platinum substrate (Pt/PANI - Ni0.6Co2.4O4) were prepared by incorporating mixed nickel and cobalt oxide particles into the matrix of polyaniline. This process was realized by chronoamperometry by electropolymerization of the aniline monomer dissolved in a 1M HCl electrolyte with different contents of Ni0.6 Co2.4 O4 oxides (0.5 g/L, 1 g/L).Physical and electrochemical characterizations were made with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), UV-visible spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. SEM, EDS and UV-visible analyzes confirmed the nature of the synthesized products and the incorporation of Ni0.6Co2.4O4 in the composite films. The electrochemical performance measurements of the Pt/PANI-Ni0.6 Co2.4 O4 film (1 g/L) give a specific capacity about 386.108 F.g -1, which is much higher than that of the Pt/ PANI, 164.340 F.g -1 at 5 mV/s.
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