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Energy saving is one of the most important demands in our world .The aim of this paper is to evaluate the annual electrical energy consumption of a residential flat in EGYPT and how to reduce it. This evaluation includes the compatibility of a flat for the Egyptian code requirements of residential buildings. This flat is of a total area of 160 m 2 with one façade opening. A software package Visual-Doe 4.0 was used for this analysis. Three different climatic regions were used for this analysis: Cairo, Alexandria and Aswan cities with different weather conditions (due to their geographical location on latitude 30.1, 31.2 and 24 respectively). The results give the minimum requirements of walls insulation (2.5cm) for different orientation and different climatic location. Also an average maximum reduction of about 17.11 % of the total electrical energy consumption with insulation 5cm compared to the actual consumption is fulfilled.

Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaytbay mosque is viewed as one of the most beautiful achieved landmarks of late Egyptian Mamluk architecture. The mosque architectural design is considered exceptional for its refined extents and the subdued yet exquisite decorations. In this paper, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation joined with wind tunnel experiments are performed to investigate the airflow characteristics inside the mosque of Sultan Al-Ashraf Qaytbay due to natural ventilation brought about by window openings. Wind tunnel experiments are performed to provide the boundary conditions for the subsequent CFD simulations. The results of CFD simulation are contrasted with that of the wind tunnel experiments. The comparison demonstrates great agreement between the computational and experimental results, which confirms the legitimacy of the present computational procedure. Interesting outcomes and productive conclusions are inferred from the obtained results.

Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, complications for healthcare workers in hospitals have increased. Healthcare workers have had to develop innovative solutions to deal with the shortage of resources and isolation rooms for those infected with the coronavirus. One of the solutions used is to convert the general patient room into a negative pressure room to prevent airborne infections from leaking into the surrounding environment. However, this was not always easy due to many limitations, such as the overall design of the chamber and the unavailability of mechanical parts to create negative pressure. Another solution is to use medical masks. However, they are not appropriate, especially for patients who suffer from breath shortness. With all these problems, a simple solution was reached in the present work, which is to create a portable isolation room that is simple in terms of cost and implementation. The objective was to investigate the dispersion of the infection inside the portable chamber in addition to its effectiveness in minimizing the risk of infection for healthcare workers. Thus, the airborne infection is eliminated by connecting the exit of the portable chamber directly to a vacuum pump. In the present study, a comparison was made between a normal room without a portable chamber and another with a portable chamber. Six different strategies were applied to remove pollutants. The results showed that strategy 6 was more effective than other strategies (2, 3, 4, and 5) by percentages of 61.6%, 70.4%, 52.4%, and 33.0%, respectively.

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