This paper explores some of the differences between the enactive approach in cognitive science and the extended mind thesis. We review the key enactive concepts of autonomy and sense-making. We then focus on the following issues: (1) the debate between internalism and externalism about cognitive processes; (2) the relation between cognition and emotion; (3) the status of the body; and (4) the difference between 'incorporation' and mere 'extension' in the body-mind-environment relation.

This paper explores some of the differences 8 between the enactive approach in cognitive science and the 9 extended mind thesis. We review the key enactive concepts 10 of autonomy and sense-making. We then focus on the 11 following issues: (1) the debate between internalism and 12 externalism about cognitive processes; (2) the relation 13 between cognition and emotion; (3) the status of the body; 14 and (4) the difference between 'incorporation' and mere 15 'extension' in the body-mind-environment relation. 16 17

The debate about the use of robots in the care of older adults has often been dominated by either overly optimistic visions (coming particularly from Japan), in which robots are seamlessly incorporated into society thereby enhancing quality of life for everyone; or by extremely pessimistic scenarios that paint such a future as horrifying. We reject this dichotomy and argue for a more differentiated ethical evaluation of the possibilities and risks involved with the use of social robots. In a critical discussion surrounding the capabilities approach to the ethical evaluation of quality of life, we develop an ethical framework that is more appropriate to the situation of the oldest old. We urge employment of a context-dependent approach to the ethical evaluation of new technologies in the care and therapy of older adults, and using the example of the robotic seal Paro, we show how this can be accomplished in a sensible and practical way.

8Cognitive systems research has predominantly been guided by the historical distinction between 9 emotion and cognition, and has focused its efforts on modelling the "cognitive" aspects of 10 behaviour. While this initially meant modelling only the control system of cognitive creatures, 11with the advent of "embodied" cognitive science this expanded to also modelling the interactions 12 between the control system and the external environment. What did not seem to change with this 13 embodiment revolution, however, was the attitude towards affect and emotion in cognitive 14science. This paper argues that cognitive systems research is now beginning to integrate these 15 aspects of natural cognitive systems into cognitive science proper, not in virtue of traditional 16 "embodied cognitive science", which focuses predominantly on the body's gross morphology, 17 but rather in virtue of research into the interoceptive, organismic basis of natural cognitive 18 systems. 19 20

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