A topological index is a real number obtained from the chemical graph structure. It is helpful to calculate the physicochemical and biological properties of numerous drugs. This is done through degree-based topological indices. In this paper, acarbose, tolazamide, miglitol, prandin, metformin, and so on used to treat diabetes are discussed, and the purpose of the QSPR study is to determine the mathematical relation between the properties under investigation (e.g., boiling point and flash point) and different descriptors related to the molecular structure of the drugs. In this study, it is observed that topological indices (TIs) applied to said drugs have a good correlation with physicochemical properties in this course.

The following method was used to apply the topology of the current study of evapotranspiration ETo, net irrigation demand, irrigation schedules, and total effective rain fall of different crop models: using the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) CROPWAT 8.0 standard software and the CLIMWAT 2.0 tool and the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith approach to examine the variable topology of evapotranspiration ETo. Due to high temperatures in summer with an annual mean of 6.33 mm/day, the topological demonstration of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) increases from 2.84 mm/day in January to a maximum of 9.61 mm/day in July. Effective rainfall fluctuates from 0 mm to 53.4 mm. Total irrigation topological indices requirements were 308.3 mm/dec, 335.9 mm/dec, 343.6 mm/dec, 853 mm/dec, and 1479.6 mm/dec for barley, wheat, maize, rice, and citrus, respectively. The physical topological indices due to low demand in winter and high demand in summer, the total net irrigation, and gross irrigation for clay loamy soils for wheat (210.6 mm and 147.4 mm), barley (176.6 mm and 123.6 mm), citrus (204.5 mm and 143.2 mm), and maize (163.9 mm and 114.7 mm), but not for rice. This topology demonstrates that wheat has 4, barley has 4, citrus has 12, maize has 4, and rice crop has 12 irrigation schedules in a year.

The field trial was carried out at the Malir farm, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam to evaluate the irrigation water practices on the performance of grain maize yield. In field experiment involved two types of furrow irrigation methods (conventional and alternate furrow irrigation), two water stress level (sufficiently and severely water stress levels) and mulch practice (without mulch and plastic film mulch). Total eight treatments were laid out in a complete randomized block design along with three replications. The conventional and alternate furrow irrigation method was assigned to the main plot while the water stress and plastic film mulching were in the sub-plots. The results showed that the plant height, leaves, stem girth, cob length, 1000-grain weight, dry biomass and crop harvest index were significantly affected by irrigation methods. Significant highest plant growth and grain yield of maize crop were observed with the conventional furrow irrigation method than with the alternate furrow irrigation method. However, the crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was increased significantly by the plastic film mulching. The results revealed that the sufficient water stress was effective in sustaining crop yield and WUE than crop irrigating at the several water stresses. The interaction effect of furrow irrigation and water stress, and furrow irrigation and plastic film mulch had significant on WUE of the grain maize. The WUE of maize crop was significantly higher under the alternate furrow irrigation method as compared to conventional furrow irrigation method if it was mulched with plastic film and irrigated at sufficiency water stress level.