Background: Nipple fissure is a common problem among breastfeeding women, which can lead to early cessation of breastfeeding. Because of the lack of effective treatment and given the approved efficacy of honey and yarrow on sore healing, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of yarrow, honey, and breast milk on the treatment of nipple fissure. Materials and Methods: This study was a three-group clinical trial, and sampling was conducted at Sina breastfeeding counseling center from September 2016 to March 2018 in Sirjan, Iran, using a target-based method. The sample size consisted of 150 individuals who were randomly assigned into three groups as topical use of yarrow, the mountain honey, and breast milk after obtaining the written informed consent. The correct method of breastfeeding and using materials were instructed to these three groups on the 1 st , 3 rd , and 7 th days, where the Storr scale was completed by the researcher. Results: Friedman test showed that, in these three groups of yarrow (χ 2 = 92.19, df = 2, p < 0.001), honey (χ 2 = 93.29, df = 2, p < 0.001), and breast milk (χ 2 = 90.51, df = 2, p < 0.001)); severity of fissure had a significant reduction. Nevertheless, Kruskal–Wallis test revealed no significant difference among the severity of fissure scores in these three groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Use of honey, yarrow, and breast milk can be recommended to women in breastfeeding counseling and pharmaceutical companies can be advised to use honey and yarrow in the preparation of anti-fissure creams.

Background: Prevalence of suicide and attempted suicide has increased due to social, economic, and cultural factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the suicide and attempted suicide epidemiology in Sirjan, Iran, in 2018. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, suicide attempts and their related factors were investigated in the city of Sirjan in 2018. Data were collected by a researcher-developed checklist and were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics (i.e., chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests) by SPSS. Results: A total of 768 people referred to Sirjan’s hospitals with a diagnosis of suicide attempt were investigated. One-year suicide attempts incidence for males and females was 120.6 (N = 391) and 116.3 (N = 377) per 100,000 people, respectively. The mean age of males and females was 26.0 ± 9.2 and 24.2 ± 8.1, respectively. Most cases were aged 20 - 29 and 10 - 19 years. The male-to-female ratio was higher in the 20 - 29 age group, but more females, most suicide cases were aged 10 - 19, and this difference was significant. Most of them were single, urbanite, educated up to high school diploma, or were school-goers. Self-poisoning (i.e. drug intoxication) was the most common method of suicide attempts. Suicides that led to death were 3.7 per 100000 people, higher rates were observed in men, younger age, single status, urbanite, and those with school diplomas. Hanging was the most common suicide method. Conclusions: Sirjan is one of the areas with high rates of suicide attempts; therefore, the findings of the present study can be regarded as a step forward in future studies to consider interventions intended to improve mental health, as well as to find useful solutions to prevent suicide occurrence.

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Background and Objective: Education seems to be more effective in improving people's knowledge, their dietary patterns and healthier food choices. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of education programs on the consumers' knowledge, attitude and performance towards using food labels. Materials and Methods:The present cross-sectional study was performed on 250 employees of Sirjan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The data collection tool was a self -administrated questionnaire which included 9 demographic information questions, 7 knowledge-related questions, 4 attitude questions, 5 performance questions and 5 comment questions about food labels and their characteristics. The education was in the form of lectures in the form of 2 sessions of 120 minutes with an interval of one week with group discussion, and participatory training. This study did not have a control group and had a before and after study design. 6 weeks after the training program, the questionnaires were completed again by the subjects. Results: The age range of these employees was between 21 and 57 years and 85.6% of them were married. The results of this study showed that the mean score of knowledge before the training was 11.38 ± 3.28 which consequently increased to 20.92 ± 2.42 after the education. The mean attitude score changed from 29.48 ± 5.43 to 30.31 ±4.79; In addition, the mean performance score increased from 12.62 ±3.31 to 17.88± 2.15. The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of knowledge P 0.001, attitude P = 0.03 and performance P 0.001 before and after the education. Conclusion:Since there is a significant difference between the knowledge, attitude and performance scores of the Sirjan University of Medical Sciences' staff before and after the education, the use of direct education method on the subject of food labels is recommended.

Background: The growing trend of substance abuse among students is a serious threat for the health of young adults. Using Network Scale-up (NSU) method Objectives: The present study was designed to indirectly estimate the prevalence of substance abuse among students of medical science universities in the eighth macro-region of Iran to attract government attention to this problem. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 3,900 students from medical science universities in the eighth macro-region of Iran (2300 from Kerman and 1600 from Sistan and Baluchestan provinces) in 2019. The sample size of each university was determined using a multistage non-random sampling approach. The participants were asked to introduce their academic close friends who did high-risk behaviors during last year. Results: Out of 3,900 participants, 1,872 (48%) were males and 2,028 (52%) were females. Students from all academic degrees contributed to this study. The prevalence of alcohol, marijuana, hemp, chewing tobacco, tramadol, methylphenidate, and opium abuse were 20.6% (95% CI: 19.3 - 21.9), 13.5% (CI: 12.4 - 14.5), 4.1% (CI: 3.5 - 4.7), 6.3% (CI: 5.5 - 7.1), 3.1% (CI: 2.6 - 3.7), 6.5% (CI: 5.7 - 7.3), and 4.0% (CI: 3.1 - 4.9), respectively. Also, the prevalence of substance abuse was higher among male students than females. Conclusions: Male students are more at risk for substance abuse. The rates of alcohol and marijuana consumption were higher among students. Training programs are recommended to increase awareness level of young people and the society about disadvantages of these behaviors.