Land levelling is important to obtain a high yield because it can affect the germinantion and growth of rice plants. In addition, the water requirement with certain level at each stage should be treated with care to maximize the rice production. Currently the farmers use their naked eye to measure the land leveling and the result is not accurate. Therefore, a tool to measure the level of water depth and determine the status of land levelling in the fields is required. Status of land levelling is determined using water depth data obtained. The tool consists of several components such as base plate, mainframe, microcontrollers, sensors, GPS, screen display and data logger. By using 10m x 10m grid point method, the data obtained is to be generated into a levelness mapping. Therefore, the levelness map generated from this hand tool can be used to detect uneven land and aids the levelling work.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is known as the 'Queen of tropical fruits' and comes from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia. Mangosteen is used for fresh consumption or as a beauty and health supplement. However, difficulties during the harvesting process with limited effective harvesting machines have prevented large scale mangosteen production. This study was conducted to determine the strength of the harvesting force at each stage of the maturity indexes and the appropriate force required for the development of mangosteen harvesting machines. The study samples were classified based on six stages of the indices of mangosteen and mesta varieties. The fruit samples taken at MARDI Sintok, Kedah were subjected to harvesting force, weight, diameter and stalk size. The result shows that the highest yield strength was mangosteen at maturity index 1 with 51.81 N while the lowest was mesta at maturity index 5 with 13.45 N. The study also found that the optimum harvesting force to drop the mangosteen and mesta from a tree was 30.19 N. This study indicated that the higher maturity indexes the lower the harvesting force needed to harvest mangosteen and mesta.