Now-a-days, the hydroponic farming system with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is increasingly becoming a trend for researchers to produce a more capable farming device or remote monitoring system. However, this intelligent system is not controlled securely and will be dangerous when system hacking occurs. Therefore, developing a secure indoor hydroponic monitoring device with multi-factor authentication (MFA) method is proposed. The research aims to develop a secure cloud-connected indoor hydroponic system via multifactor authentication on the ThingsSentral IoT platform with an MFA technique. The developed system comprises an iPhone Operating System (iOS), an Arduino node microcontroller unit and a ThingsSentral web IoT platform. A security software application on iOS phones with MFA techniques is built to authenticate devices before communicating with ThingsSentral.io. Token authentication between ThingsSentral.io and the security software application must be done before the hydroponic monitoring device can send and receive data. An indoor hydroponic monitoring system device with MFA security technique has been successfully produced from the study. An MFA security technique for iOS apps has also been successfully developed. In conclusion, using the MFA technique, this research successfully develops a high-security control and communication system between the field device and the IoT platform. Although the MFA security system developed for this IoT platform has several steps that need to be done before data can be sent to the cloud database, the users themselves can allow or prohibit a device from operating. Besides, users can also control and monitor the security between the device and the IoT platform when they operate.

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Since the opening of Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam Campus (UiTM-SAC), the university has accommodated its students by providing free bus transportation around the campus. The buses are operated based on a specific time schedule. However, students often have to wait a long time for buses because the buses do not usually arrive on schedule. In addition, the bus schedule is manually controlled by an officer, which takes time, and the data can easily be lost. Hence, the goal of this research is to develop a bus tracking and monitoring system for the UiTM-SAC. Arduino node microcontroller unit and global positioning system (GPS) sensors were used to send and receive GPS location information. The data retrieved from these sensors were displayed on an organic light-emitting diode and stored in a web-based software spreadsheet. For the experimental test, only one bus was used for collecting and analysing data. Data were immediately presented on the user interface. The results indicate that the system was able to track and monitor the bus by providing the bus’s latitude, longitude and speed. The results also revealed some key factors that affect the time required for a bus to complete a route based on users’ demands at that time. The difference in demand was 76.2%, as most students use the UiTM bus service in the morning than in the evening. In conclusion, by using the proposed bus campus tracking and monitoring system, users can easily find the exact location of buses running at the UiTM-SAC