Artikel ini membincangkan tentang reaksi penentangan daripada pemimpin tempatan terhadap pelaksanaan dasar tanah yang dijalankan di Borneo Utara oleh British North Borneo Chartered Company (BNBCC). Pentadbiran tanah yang dilaksanakan oleh BNBCC menunjukkan satu perubahan terhadap pemilikan tanah di Borneo Utara. Dasar tanah BNBCC telah mengubah pemilikan tanah secara tradisional kepada sistem pemilikan moden yang bersifat kapitalis. Perubahan ini berlaku sejajar dengan matlamat pihak BNBCC dalam mengeksploitasi sumber tanah yang ada di Borneo Utara. Akibat daripada pengenalan dan pelaksanaan dasar tanah ini, timbul reaksi penentangan daripada kalangan pemimpin tempatan. Para pemimpin tempatan berusaha untuk mendapatkan kembali hak pemilikan mereka yang kini dirampas oleh pihak BNBCC. Usaha ini dilakukan dengan cara rundingan dan kekerasan. Namun, usaha ini gagal mengembalikan hak mereka. Jelas bahawa penentangan yang berlaku menunjukkan dasar tanah yang dilaksanakan oleh BNBCC telah menggugat dan mengancam hak pemilikan peribumi ke atas tanah di Borneo Utara. Makalah ini ditulis berdasarkan sumber-sumber rasmi BNBCC yang disimpan di Arkib Negeri Sabah, Kota Kinabalu. Antara rekod rujukan yang digunakan ialah Colonial Office (C.O.), Annual Report, fail Land Office dan akhbar British, iaitu British North Borneo Herald, selain merujuk kepada buku-buku dan artikel lain.

The discussion in this paper focuses on the appreciation of Malaysia's independence in relation to the spirit of patriotism among those who value patriotism and political aspirations in the formation of the Malaysian nation. This study attempts to address issues such as why are there still people who do not understand or remember historical figures' struggles for independence? How do political aspirations play an important role in looking at aspects of prosperity, unity and political stability? In terms the agreement of independence, how important is it to sacrifice self-interest for national interest in order to form a free country? Thus, the primary focus of the debate is to identify the issues referring to political aspirations that can change over time in terms of strategy, but not in terms of the fundamental value of patriotism that does not change from the social contract or ethnic agreement in the formation of the Malaysian nation. This writing employs a qualitative approach that draws on secondary sources such as research findings in journals, scholarly writing, online news sources, and public forums. According to the findings of the study, the formation of political aspirations benefitting in balancing the formation of the country from other aspects and encourage leaders in solving problems related to the country and the people. As a result, the ultimate goal of a cultured society should be national pride and sovereignty. To do so, the dynamic Malaysian nation must develop an identity in order to become a civilised and glorious nation. The study's direction considers the continuation of patriotism as well as the maximum appreciation of Malaysia's independence history to be nurtured and instilled among the younger generation, allowing Malaysia to exist as a strong country in politics, economy, social, and socio-culture.

Kajian menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian ikut serta dan analisis data sekunder ke atas pendekatan kempen dan pola pengundian akar umbi terhadap Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) dalam Pilihan raya Umum ke-14 yang lalu menyaksikan persaingan sengit antara PAS Sabah dengan parti-parti politik lain di negeri ini. Tahap sokongan yang sederhana dan kemampuan untuk menarik sokongan pengundi yang agak terbatas kepada masyarakat Islam dan segelintir penyokong bukan beragama Islam di negeri ini membuktikan wujudnya laluan berliku yang telah diharungi PAS Sabah dalam merealisasikan 'anak sulung' untuk PRU kali ini. Corak sokongan yang tidak menyeluruh secara relatif juga menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat Islam khasnya dan bukan Islam amnya di negeri ini perlu dibimbing dan diperbetulkan persepsi mereka terhadap kemampuan sebenar agama Islam sebagai landasan kehidupan yang hakiki. Kejelasan aspirasi 'gagasan sejahtera' sebagai manifesto PAS adalah baik untuk semua rakyat berbilang kaum dan agama tetapi selagi mandat untuk memerintah negeri ini masih belum diperoleh oleh Parti yang sudah lama bertapak di negara ini, maka selagi itulah kebaikan yang dibawa oleh Islam melalui PAS tidak dapat direalisasikan. Justeru, pendekatan kempen yang berteraskan harakah Islamiah serta „muwajahah silmiyyah’ amat penting untuk dipertingkatkan kaedah dan salurannya demi menghebahkan mesej berkenaan dengan nilai-nilai Islam untuk semua rakyat di negeri ini. Usaha ini perlu diperkemas khusus untuk PAS Sabah menanamkan keyakinan masyarakat berbilang kaum di negeri ini agar seiring dengan perjuangannya. Kelebihan yang ada pada PAS adalah pengalaman yang luas dalam mengendalikan pendekatan Ceramah Kelompok dan sudah tentu aplikasi Facebook melalui kempen maya. Aspek ini jika diberikan perhatian dengan memasukkan idea-idea pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial di Sabah seharusnya berupaya memperkukuhkan strategi dan taktik kempen parti ini untuk berjaya meraih undi lebih besar dalam PRU-15 yang akan datang. Abstract The study uses participatory observation and secondary data analysis on campaign approaches and the pattern of voting back to the Islamic Party of Malaysia (PAS) in the past 14th General Election (GE), witnessing the fierce competition between Sabah PAS and other political parties in the state this is. A moderate level of support and the ability to attract Sabah people to cast a significant vote for PAS is a winding-up of PAS Sabah in realizing the 'eldest child' for the GE. A relatively incomplete support pattern also shows that Muslim and non-Muslim communities in Sabah seem to be well guided and rectified their perceptions of the true ability of Islam as the essential foundation of life. The clarity of the aspirations of 'prosperous ideas' as a manifesto of PAS is good for all multiracial and religion in the Sabah, but not until PAS Sabah get its mandate to govern this state even PAS itself is known for its long-standing Party in this country, Only then the goodness brought by Islam through PAS can be realized. Thus, the approach of the Islamic-based campaign and the ‘muwajahah silmiyyah’ is crucial for enhancing its methods and channels in order to preach the message regarding Islamic values for all the people in the state. It needs to be streamlined specifically for PAS Sabah to inculcate confidence in multiracial society in the state in line with its struggle. The advantages of PAS are the vast experience in controlling ways of campaigning like Group Lecture approach and of course the Facebook app through the Virtual Campaign. This aspect of being emphasized by incorporating economic and social development ideas in Sabah should be able to reinforce the party's campaign strategy and tactics to succeed in gaining greater votes in the coming 15th General Election.

The investment aspect is one of the most important aspects in strengthening the economy of a country. As countries that practice an open economic policy, Malaysia and Turkey emphasize the investment aspect of whether Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Direct Investment Abroad (DIA). Malaysia and Turkey are also major players in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Economic Cooperation Organization of Eight Developing Countries (D-8). It turns out that these two Islamic organizations have succeeded in becoming catalysts in improving the economy of both countries. These two organizations also clearly make the ummatic agenda the main agenda of the establishment as well as fighting for the welfare of Muslims. This is proven that the amount of investment for these two countries is increasing over time. The diversity of investment sectors is also seen to be increasing based on the needs of Malaysia and Turkey. This study uses a qualitative method that leads to the study of the discipline of history by emphasizing the analysis of primary sources, secondary sources and interviews to produce an authoritative study.