This work describes the design of an internet of things (IoT)-based prototype system for outdoor agriculture farmland that employs low-cost sensors for detecting basic agriculture parameters such as soil moisture level, air temperature, and air humidity to irrigate the farmland automatically and manually while tracing the water volume. Therefore, since the water requirement varies according to plant type and plant growth stages, this research focuses on a feature where user can adjust the soil moisture level from software according to the plant type and age stages so that a suitable moisture level can be maintained for plants. Apart from that, the system also has a feature to adjust the temperature threshold limit from the application software so that when the temperature sensor value exceeds the respective threshold limits, it sprinkles the water for a limited time so that plants are not damaged due to overheating. Google sheets is used for cloud storage, and Wi-Fi is used to send data to the cloud using the HTTP protocol. The Blynk application software is used to monitor and control purposes.

The complexity of an embedded system is directly proportional to the requirements of industrial applications. Various embedded operating system (OS) approaches had been built to fulfil the requirements. This review aims to systematically address the similarities and differences of the embedded OS solutions and analyse the factors that will influence decision-making when choosing what solution to use in the applications. This paper reviews three standard solutions; super loop, cooperative, and real-time operating system (RTOS). These are commonly used in industrial applications. By grouping the tasks in the foreground and background execution region, the concept and working principle of each of them are reviewed. The unique feature of RTOS in the context of task switching was used to define the deterministic characteristic of meeting the deadlines. The importance and performance of this characteristic is addressed and compared among various solutions in this paper. Subsequently, this paper reviewed the internet of things (IoT) requirements, automotive, medical and consumer electronics industry. The influential factors on choosing the right embedded OS to be used are extracted based on the requirements. They are reviewed in the perspective of memory footprint, regulated standards, cost-effectiveness, time effectiveness, and scalability.

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The disabled people in Malaysia is known as Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU). OKU people are given some privileges such as having their own car parking lot. However, said parking lot is often being abused by citizen who lacks awareness and civic. This paper presents a system that use preventive measure at the early stage to prevent citizen from abusing the parking lot. The system proposes an installation of a mechanical barrier inside the parking lot that prevents people from entering it. The parking can only be accessed through an OKU RFID card issued by local authorities. Upon successful verification, the mechanical barrier will lower down and the user can use the parking lot. The implementation of the system is expected to prevent citizen from abusing the OKU parking lot and improve the quality of life for them.