inpatients for 17 months the prevalence of 0.56% is thought to accurately reflect the clinical situation.We also reveal that maculopapular lesions are common (75.0%) in Japan. The most common COVID-19-related skin rash was reported to be pseudo-chilblain lesions (40.9%) and 97% of these cases were from Europe or the USA. 4 The differences in cutaneous patterns may owe to a genetic/racial predisposition. The minor allele frequency of the IFIH1 gene which is common in Caucasians increases the production of type-1 interferons that can induce microangiopathy. 5 The patient age and the observation period might also explain the low frequency of pseudo-chilblains. The median age of pseudo-chilblains is reported to be 16.6-27.2 years and approximately 80% of cases were noticed at more than 2 weeks after onset whereas the figures for our study are median age of pseudo-chilblains of 68 years and mean duration of hospitalization of 14.0 days. 4,6,7

A pseudoaneurysm, also known as false aneurysm, is a collection of blood in perivascular soft tissue. Iatrogenic cause such as arterial catheterization and abdominopelvic surgery is one of the most common etiologies of pseudoaneurysm formation. Pseudoaneurysm in pelvic vessels is a complication of pelvic surgery or vessel catheterization. Cesarean section is the most common reported cause. In this article we introduced a 25 years old woman presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding 1 week after Cesarean section. Imaging modalities confirmed the diagnosis of left uterine artery pseudoanurysm. Patient was admitted to treat by endovascular intervention. Several hours after admission blood pressure decreased and abdominal pain became more sever, ultra sound study showed evidence of free fluid in abdominopelvic cavity suggestive of pseudoaneurysm rupture. Emergence laparotomy surgery and hysterectomy were done due to active bleeding secondary to pseudoaneurysm rupture. Patient was discharged from hospital 5 days after surgery without any new complication.

The reporting case is a 27 year-old woman. She was admitted with complaints of clumsy gait and dysesthesia over her upper limbs and spasticity in the legs. The investigations revealed a long segment cervical intramedullary tumor, associated with whole cord syringomyelia. The superior part of syringomyelia image intensity matched intramedullary lipoma completely. C1–C5 intramedullary tumor was resected grossly under microscopic view, and a fat-containing liquid exited the syringomyelia cavity at its superior pole. After a transient paresis just following the surgery, neurological condition was improved. The follow-up imaging showed that the fatty syringomyelia reduced in dimensions. Conclusion. According to this case and another similar case due to instability, it appears that as a rare phenomenon, syringomyelia liquid content sometimes could have fatty droplets which could mimic intramedullary lipoma with an unknown mechanism. It seems these fat droplets in syringomyelia would not change its natural history.

BACKGROUND Colloid cysts are an unusual differential diagnosis for lesions in the lateral ventricles. Microsurgery is usually recommended for the treatment of giant colloid cysts. This case is the largest reported colloid cyst in this unusual location treated with an endoscope. OBSERVATIONS A 39-year-old woman with a history of pulsing headaches presented with nausea, vomiting, vision blurring, and paresthesia of the left leg. On the brain computed tomography, a huge, well-defined homogeneous hyperdense intraventricular lesion with hydrocephalus was observed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spherical lesion over the third ventricle inside the lateral ventricles, obstructing the Sylvius aqueduct. There was no enhancement and no diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted images. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was undertaken for hydrocephalus treatment. Then the lesion was resected grossly. The cyst wall was resected as much as it was safe. There was no clot or bloody product inside the lesion. LESSONS Colloid cyst is rarely encountered in the velum interpositum and lateral ventricles, but the authors’ giant colloid cyst case along with similar cases led to considering it out of the third ventricle. According to their experience, endoscopic removal is a safe and efficient method for colloid cyst surgery, even in giant cases.