Intraovarian administered BMSCs are able to restore ovarian hormone production and reactivate folliculogenesis in chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure mouse model.

Objective To determine the accuracy with which a single progesterone measurement in early pregnancy discriminates between viable and non-viable pregnancy.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies.Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, ProQuest, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and the Cochrane Library from inception until April 2012, plus reference lists of relevant studies.Study selection Studies were selected on the basis of participants (women with spontaneous pregnancy of less than 14 weeks of gestation); test (single serum progesterone measurement); outcome (viable intrauterine pregnancy, miscarriage, or ectopic pregnancy) diagnosed on the basis of combinations of pregnancy test, ultrasound scan, laparoscopy, and histological examination; design (cohort studies of test accuracy); and sufficient data being reported.Results 26 cohort studies, including 9436 pregnant women, were included, consisting of 7 studies in women with symptoms and inconclusive ultrasound assessment and 19 studies in women with symptoms alone. Among women with symptoms and inconclusive ultrasound assessments, the progesterone test (5 studies with 1998 participants and cut-off values from 3.2 to 6 ng/mL) predicted a non-viable pregnancy with pooled sensitivity of 74.6% (95% confidence interval 50.6% to 89.4%), specificity of 98.4% (90.9% to 99.7%), positive likelihood ratio of 45 (7.1 to 289), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.26 (0.12 to 0.57). The median prevalence of a non-viable pregnancy was 73.2%, and the probability of a non-viable pregnancy was raised to 99.2% if the progesterone was low. For women with symptoms alone, the progesterone test had a higher specificity when a threshold of 10 ng/mL was used (9 studies with 4689 participants) and predicted a non-viable pregnancy with pooled sensitivity of 66.5% (53.6% to 77.4%), specificity of 96.3% (91.1% to 98.5%), positive likelihood ratio of 18 (7.2 to 45), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.35 (0.24 to 0.50). The probability of a non-viable pregnancy was raised from 62.9% to 96.8%. ConclusionA single progesterone measurement for women in early pregnancy presenting with bleeding or pain and inconclusive ultrasound assessments can rule out a viable pregnancy. IntroductionVaginal bleeding and abdominal pain are the most common causes of consultation in early pregnancy; 30% of women will experience pain or bleeding in their first trimester.1 These symptoms lead to anxiety and can be the first signs of a possible miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy. Miscarriage occurs in 10-20% of all recognised pregnancies, and the prevalence of ectopic pregnancies in the United Kingdom is 1.6%, which is raised to 3% in women with symptoms.2-4 Most women seeking medical advice have a transvaginal ultrasound scan to confirm a viable pregnancy, a miscarriage, or an ectopic pregnancy. However, even with expert use of transvaginal ultrasound, confirming if a pregnancy is intrauterine or extrauterine may not be possible in 8-31% of cases at the ...

BackgroundPreviously, we reported a significantly higher prevalence of uterine fibroids (UFs) in African American women. This minority group also commonly suffers from vitamin D deficiency. We have demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 attains a fibroid growth inhibitory impact through its ability to block the G1/S (gap 1/synthesis) phase of the cell cycle. Vitamin D is involved in DNA damage as well as in immune response regulation, anti-inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. Since most of the prior data on vitamin D and UF were generated in vitro via established cell lines, it was necessary to verify and validate this observation in vivo using a diet-induced vitamin D-deficient mouse model.Materials and MethodsOur model of vitamin D lacking function was established using 8-week exposure of C57/BL6 mice to vitamin D-deficient diet provides evidence of different functions accomplished by vitamin D in the regulation of myometrium homeostasis disrupted in the context of uterine fibroid.ResultsWe found that vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased expression of sex steroid receptors in murine myometrium, increased expression of proliferation related genes, the promotion of fibrosis and enhanced inflammation, and promoted immunosuppression through Tregs expansion in murine myometrium. We also showed that a vitamin D deficient diet enhanced DNA damage in murine myometrium.ConclusionOur model mimics the effects in humans that a lack of vitamin D has and propels the study of in vivo interaction between inflammation, genomic instability and cell proliferation in the myometrium.

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