Introduction: Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis (LGD) is widely encountered lesions with both oral as well as dermal manifestation. Present study was done to evaluate lichenoid granulomatous stomatitis cases. Materials and methods: 226 biopsies were exposed to special stains such as acid-fast bacilli (AFB), immunohistochemical staining for CD 68 and Grocott methenamine-silver (GMS), and periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stains. Results: Out of 226 patients, males were 84 and females were 142. Maximum cases were seen in age group 40–60 years (122) followed by >60 years (56) and 20–40 years (48). The common site was buccal mucosa seen in 128 (56.6%) cases followed by vestibule in 30 (13.2%), gingiva in 26 (11.5%), tongue in 20 (8.8%), lip in 12 (5.3%) and palate in 10 (4.4%). The common lesion was oral lichen planus seen in 142 (62.8%), carcinoma in situ in 12 (5.3%), squamous cell carcinoma in 8 (3.53%), pemphigus vulgaris in 10 (4.42%), leukoplakia in 24 (10.6%) and pemphigoid in 30 (13.2%) cases. Most lesions were of type I seen in 117 (51.7%) cases. Conclusion: Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis poses variety of clinical as well as oral features. A long standing follows up and consideration of differential diagnosis is mandatory for better management of patients.

Sialolithiasis is a disease process involving the formation of conglomerates of calcifications in the ductal system or the parenchyma of the salivary gland. The Submandibular gland is more vulnerable to form sialoliths than the other major salivary glands due to its salivary composition and anatomic factors. The management of sialolithiasis is determined by the dimensions and position of the calculi. Here, we discuss a case of a twenty eight mm submandibular sialolith managed by an intraoral approach. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5988 How to cite this:Mohsin SF, Riyaz MA, Alqazlan AA. Detection and Management of Giant Submandibular Gland Sialolith. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5988 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The oral and maxillofacial diagnosticians are responsible for the detection, description, differentiation and diagnosis of salivary gland disorders. The algorithm of salivary gland imaging depends on the stage of the clinical disease. For the sake of ease of description, the salivary gland disorders can be broadly divided in to inflammatory, reactive and space-occupying masses. Diagnostic imaging of salivary gland disease may be useful in distinguishing diffuse involvement from focal suppurative involvement, differentiate and identify neoplastic processes from inflammatory disease, delineate ductal morphology, identify sialoliths, identify the effect of salivary gland pathology on adjacent structures, aid in the selection of biopsy sites, etc1. This article is aimed at reviewing the different imaging modalities and the current protocol of salivary gland imaging for different clinical situations.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is called as C-arm computed tomography, cone beam volume CT, or flat panel CT. It is an imaging technique in the field of dentistry in which the X-rays are divergent, leading to the formation of cone shaped beam. The system of CBCT has been designed for imaging primarily the hard tissues of the maxillofacial region. It contributes to accurate and effective treatment planning for the patient. The increasing demand of this technology provides the dental clinician with an imaging modality capable of providing a three-dimensional view of the maxillofacial skeleton with least distortion. CBCT provides a unique imaging option for various treatment needs of a prosthodontist. It can prove to be beneficial in various aspects of prosthodontic practice i.e. from imaging of the temporomandibular joint for accurate movement simulation, to denture therapy. CBCT could play an important role in reduction of hectic routine for the clinician. Therefore, the aim of this article is to specify the applications of CBCT in the field of prosthodontics along with the benefits and limitations of CBCT.