Goldenrod ( Solidago virgaurea L.) is considered for their medicinal properties for humans. These properties are attributed to some volatile compounds that can be extracted from above- and underground organs of plants. More ingredients of medicinal plants are undoubtedly considered by herbal medicine activists. The study aimed to promote Solidago yield and quality under foliar application of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles that can be considered as a safe and healthy fertilizer on the basis of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory process about color additives. The experiment was performed with concentrations of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (0, 0.5, or 1 mg L −1 ) and foliar application times (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times) on 4- to 5-leaf plants of Solidago virgaurea . Results showed that 4 times foliar application of 1 mg L −1 caused the best plant growth and mineral element contents (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, copper, and zinc) except for Fe content that the more the times of foliar application, the more the Fe content increased. However, the flavonoid (rutin and quercetin) and essential oils (caryophyllene, alpha-pinene, camphene, limonene, linalool, myrcene, and terpinene) as biochemical and medicinal qualities of the treated plants were remarkably promoted when 1 mg L −1 of nanoparticles was sprayed 5 times. Furthermore, the more the element contents, the more the ingredients. Finally, based on the goals of herbal medicine activists for the production of the essence, extract, or herb, both 5 and 4 times of foliar applications of ferric oxide nanoparticles are safe and may be economic and recommendable.

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) is an evergreen shrub and very fragrant, which has a very importance in the perfume industry and its flowers are used in different religious and ceremonies. Training the shrubs for more yields of flowers and essential oil with horticultural improvement effects of pruning and amino acids may help gardeners to achieve more benefits. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pruning intensity (without pruning, 40, 60 or 75 cm above ground level) and foliar application of amino acids (without amino acids, tryptophan or glycine) on jasmine shrubs for promoting growth and reproductive growth and the content of essential oil. The results showed that plants with light pruning (75 cm) and foliar application of amino acids especially glycine had the best growth and yield, which means that plants were affected by the interactions of pruning level and application of amino acids.

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With increased demand for traditional agricultural practices, they are increasingly insufficient. The use of nano-fertilizers is essential when aimed to increase plant production. In 2003, nanotechnology started to be used in agriculture and food industry. This led to change in agricultural production systems. Nanotechnology has brought fundamental changes in agriculture. This included new tools have been used to detect plant pests and treat them quickly. Improve plant ability to absorb nutrients and fertilizers was also involved. Agriculture faced many challenges, such as climate change, increase consumption of agricultural products, and reduced cultivated areas. This required promotions in agricultural development to achieve economic and agricultural stability. Hence, the importance of using nanotechnology has emerged. This technology increases the possibility of finding solutions and treatments for many agricultural problems. In addition, dealing with main challenges in agriculture, such as low productivity of cultivated area and large uncultivated land. The loss of fertilizers, pesticides, and plant products are also considered. Such problems can all be faced through several applications, including nano-fertilizer technology. The technology can achieve remarkable addressing in agricultural problems such as reducing lack of nutrients. Facilitate plant response to nano-fertilizers through rapid synthesis during cellular metabolism. This improves agricultural aspect and positively influences community service and, consequently, environmental development.

The study was conducted in the wooden canopy of the Department of Horticulture and garden Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit during the 2021 agricultural season, in order to study the effect of spraying with glutamic acid and Nano-zinc oxide on some vegetative growth characteristics and mineral content of Lavendula Angustifolia Mill plant. A factorial experiment was carried out with two factors, the first factor of glutamic acid with three levels (0, 100, and 200) mg. L1- The second factor is Nano zinc oxide at four levels (0, 0.50, 1, and 1.50 g). L1 - According to the design of the full randomized RCDB sectors (Randomized Complete Block Design) and three duplicates, the most important results are summarized as follows: Characteristics of vegetative growth: The transaction G2 was characterized by giving the highest differences in plant height, the number of leaves, and total chlorophyll content, which amounted to 32.475 cm and 876.12 leaves. Plant-1, 35.128 mg. gm 1-soft weight, respectively, compared to the lowest values for the above-mentioned traits for the comparison transaction.