Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes upper airway collapse leading to sleep apnea or hypopnea and is associated with serious health conditions. Despite being prevalent, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. We aimed at measuring the prevalence of OSA risk and detecting the level of knowledge of OSA among Egyptians attending outpatient clinics. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at two university hospitals at Cairo using a Berlin questionnaire and OSA Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (OSAKA) Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of Al-Hussein University Hospital and Al-Sayed Galal University Hospital. We used a validated Arabic translated version of the Berlin Questionnaire. Three domains (10 questions) were tested: the presence and severity of snoring, frequency of daytime sleepiness, and the presence of obesity or hypertension. A translation of 5 questions from OSA Knowledge/Attitude Questionnaire (OSAKA) that are suitable for the general population were also used. Results: Out of 395 participants approached, 345 participants (87%) completed the questionnaire. The age ranged from 18 to 82 years old (40.9 ± 15.5 SD). About 52% of participants were females (n=179) and 48% were males (n=166). The prevalence of high risk OSA among the studied population was 17.4% (n=60). Older ages, obesity and hypertension were found to be significantly associated with OSA risk. On the level of OSA awareness, 90.1% (n=311) of participants didn’t not have previous knowledge about OSA and there was no significant association between participants’ knowledge, and risk of OSA. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was associated with older ages, obesity and hypertension. The knowledge level was far from needed among the studied group. This lack of knowledge needs to be addressed to reduce the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that causes upper airway collapse, leading to sleep apnea or hypopnea, and is associated with serious health conditions. Despite its prevalence, it is an underdiagnosed and undertreated disease. We aimed to measure the prevalence of OSA risk and detect the level of knowledge of OSA among Egyptians attending outpatient clinics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two university hospitals in Cairo using the Berlin Questionnaire and OSA Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (OSAKA). The participants were recruited from the outpatient clinics of Al-Hussein University Hospital and Al-Sayed Galal University Hospital. We used a validated Arabic translated version of the Berlin Questionnaire. Ten questions across three domains were tested: the presence and severity of snoring, frequency of daytime sleepiness, and presence of obesity or hypertension. A translation of five questions from (OSAKA) deemed suitable for the general population, was also used. Results: Out of 395 participants, 345 (87%) completed the questionnaire. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 82 years old (40.9 ± 15.5 SD). Approximately 52% of the participants were female (n = 179) and 48% were male (n = 166). The prevalence of high risk OSA among the studied population was 17.4% (n = 60). Older age and obesity were found to be significantly associated with OSA risk. In terms of OSA awareness, 90.1% (n = 311) of the participants did not have previous knowledge of OSA, and there was no significant association between the participants’ knowledge and risk of OSA. Conclusion: OSA was associated with older age and obesit. Knowledge level was far from needed among the studied group. This lack of knowledge needs to be addressed to reduce the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of OSA.

Purpose High levels of mental distress were reported among medical students, however, only a small portion decides to seek help. This study aims at identifying the most diagnosed mental disorders among medical students in Egypt, recognizing their family attitudes and the major barriers that deter them from help seeking. Method This is a cross-sectional study conducted on Egyptian medical students from different universities. Each student filled out a questionnaire assessing the sociodemographic factors, the presence of previously diagnosed mental disorder, the barriers to mental health help-seeking using 27 items from the 30-item Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE), and the family's attitude towards mental health. Result 1037 students filled completed the questionnaire, and 23.4% mentioned being previously diagnosed with mental illness. The top three major barriers were attitudinal, reflecting a tendency for self-reliance, and a low preferability for emotional expressiveness. The fourth major barrier was stigma-related, representing a fear of what the family might say or think. Most of the students’ families had a positive attitude and support for mental health. The parent’s mental health attitude was positively associated with higher levels of education. Conclusion Multiple attitudinal barriers represented hindrance to mental health help-seeking and reflected self-reliance tendency among the study participants. This self-reliance proclivity needs to be investigated since it is a common theme noticed among the young generations, however, it could be used for designing self-help programs that strengthen mental health integrity and literacy.