TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThere is a common mis-understanding about the transition zone in which both water and oil should be mobile. This paper will illustrate that in the transition zone only oil is movable above the Free Water Level (FWL) at normal gravity conditions. Putting wells on production in the transition zone produce dry oil unless the drawdown pressure disturbs the normal gravity conditions.To avoid any confusion among geoscientists and reservoir engineers, we introduce new term called the "Wedge Zone", where the water saturation increases down flank towards the oil-water contact as a result of gradual increase in the micropores with bounded water due to diagenesis and cementation. The intensity of the diagenesis (cementation) is related to the timing of oil migration and entrapment.Four wells that had been drilled in an onshore field in the Middle East in the Wedge Zone and have producing dry oil for the last two years. As result of repositioning the new wells based on the Wedge Zone concept, an extra amount of recoverable oil will be added.The Modeling techniques over this zone have been revised resulting in changing the concept of modeling the transition Zone to that modeling of a Wedge Zone. As a consequence, the model prediction of sweep efficiency is also impacted.

TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractIn this paper, a Middle East field example is shown to illustrate the application of new advances in Logging While Drilling measurements. In addition to standard two mega-hertz multi-depth resistivity, neutron and gamma ray LWD measurements, azimuthal density and photoelectric factor (Pef) measurements were recorded. The real-time and recorded mode applications of azimuthal density and Pef are discussed in this paper.Conventional LWD density measurements are circumferentially averaged. This technique will smear the density output at bed boundaries, especially in horizontal wells where the bed's relative angle to the well bore is high. Information from azimuthally acquired quadrant density measurements can be used to clearly detect and evaluate bed boundaries in deviated and horizontal holes. In this paper, it is shown how up and bottom densities are used to accurately locate bed boundaries and other geological features such as faults. For geosteering purposes, up and bottom density displacement was able to show if the bed was being entered from the top or bottom of the well bore. It was also possible to estimate structural dip in real-time.Sixteen azimuthal density and sixteen azimuthal Pef sectors were recorded in downhole memory. Once these LWD data were retrieved from the BHA memory and image processing and image orientation was done, structural features such as fault, bed boundaries and formation heterogeneities were identified. True dip was computed from the density image. The compilation of this information allowed further evaluation of the geologic model of the carbonate gas-bearing reservoir.

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between age, length of stay, the American Spinal Injury Association classification (ASIA) with total functional gain during inpatient rehabilitation for patients with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) with functional independence and rehabilitation outcomes of traumatic spinal cord patients. The data were obtained for 49 patients with traumatic spinal cord lesions admitted to the neuro physical therapy unit from 2006 to 2008. The mean age was 33 ± 10.63 years.Study design: Retrospective observational study. The patient's characteristics and outcomes were analysed and compared according to the severity of traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) and its appearance according to vertebral level correlations of SCI with co-morbidities was analysed. The Functional Independent measure scores of patient at admission (FIMa) on were compared to Functional Independent Measure scores recorded at discharge (FIMd) to get the total gain for each patient. Patients were grouped according to age, level of neurological injury, length of stay to compare with the total gain. The Length of stay was also compared with the American Spinal Injury Association classification (ASIA) at discharge. The author had been observed that there is negative correlation of LOSa with FIMd and Gain (r=-0.507, p=0.00 and r=-0.402, p=0.004), respectively. FIMa is positively correlated with FIMd but negatively correlated to Gain. FIMd is positively related with Gain. The Mean LOSa and LOSr are 44.80 days and 174.37 days, respectively. The Mean FIMa and FIMd are 53.22% and 75.73%, respectively. It revealed that, a significant improvement in FIM at the time of discharge in SCI patients. The differences were found in the extent of functional improvement between subgroups of patients with different levels and extents of lesions. Regarding the outcome of Functional Independent measure better observed in incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries and complete thoracic spinal cord level injuries. Interestingly, independence in bowel management, independent mobility and locomotion were only attained by patients with incomplete lesions. This study provides insight into the functional outcomes of a group of inpatients with traumatic spinal cord injury. More research is needed to determine the specialized rehabilitation program for these patients.

There is a common misunderstanding about the transition zone in which both water and oil should be movable.

TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThere is a common mis-understanding about the transition zone in which both water and oil should be mobile. This paper will illustrate that in the transition zone only oil is movable above the Free Water Level (FWL) at normal gravity conditions. Putting wells on production in the transition zone produce dry oil unless the drawdown pressure disturbs the normal gravity conditions.To avoid any confusion among geoscientists and reservoir engineers, we introduce new term called the "Wedge Zone", where the water saturation increases down flank towards the oil-water contact as a result of gradual increase in the micropores with bounded water due to diagenesis and cementation. The intensity of the diagenesis (cementation) is related to the timing of oil migration and entrapment.Four wells that had been drilled in an onshore field in the Middle East in the Wedge Zone and have producing dry oil for the last two years. As result of repositioning the new wells based on the Wedge Zone concept, an extra amount of recoverable oil will be added.The Modeling techniques over this zone have been revised resulting in changing the concept of modeling the transition Zone to that modeling of a Wedge Zone. As a consequence, the model prediction of sweep efficiency is also impacted.