Background Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease in Saudi Arabia with poor control rates. Updated guidelines are needed to guide the management of hypertension and improve treatment outcomes. Methodology A panel of experts representing the National Heart Center (NHC) and the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) reviewed existing evidence and formulated guidance relevant to the local population, clinical practice and the healthcare system. The recommendations were reviewed to ensure scientific and medical accuracy. Recommendations Hypertension was defined and a new classification was proposed as relevant to the Saudi population. Recommendations on diagnosis, clinical evaluation, cardiovascular assessment were detailed, along with guidance on measurement modalities and screening/follow-up. Non-pharmacological management is the first line of hypertension treatment. Pharmacological therapy should be used appropriately as needed. Treatment priority is to control blood pressure regardless of the drug class used. The choice of treatment should be tailored to the patient profile in order to achieve treatment targets and ensure patient compliance. Recommendations were provided on pharmacological options available in Saudi Arabia, as well as guidance on the treatment of special conditions. Conclusion Hypertension management should be based on appropriate screening, timely diagnosis and lifestyle changes supplemented with pharmacological therapy, as needed. Clinical management should be individualized, and careful consideration should be given to special conditions and patient groups.

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Background: Children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP) have insufficient trunk control and upper limbs (ULs) dysfunction. Purpose: to investigate the effect of segmental trunk stability training at different levels on sitting and ULs functions in children with BSCP. Subjects & Methods: Thirty-nine children with BSCP, with ages ranged from 2 to 4 years, , their spasticity grade ranged from 1 to 1+ according to the Modified Ashworth Scale, their motor function was at level IV according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System – Expanded and Revised, their self-initiated ability to handle objects in daily activities with their hands was at level V according to the Mini-Manual Ability Classification System, all children’s level of segmental trunk control score ranged from 3 to 5 according to the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control were assigned randomly to 3 groups of equal numbers, 13 children for each group. Group (A) received a specially designed physical therapy (PT) program while wearing segmental trunk support from a level just below the child’s inferior angle of the scapula to the level of his/her pelvis.

The field under study is structurally and stratigraphically complex, which increases the uncertainties associated with field development. To optimize reservoir characterization using seismic data, seismic inversion (Deterministic, Stochastic and Simultaneous) was planned to be performed using the 3D seismic data covering the field. Given that well log data provide constraints and calibration in the inversion workflow, their quality has a direct impact on the robustness of inversion results. This paper focuses on corrections made to sonic and density log data to make them suitable for seismic inversion.Sonic and density logs have shallow depths of investigation and are affected by borehole irregularity and filtrate invasion. Errors due to borehole irregularity in the section overlying the reservoir impact two key stages of the inversion process: wavelet extraction using well-seismic ties, and construction of the low frequency or a priori model. Invasion within the reservoir impacts the accuracy of porosities obtained from seismic impedance data. Typically porosity estimation is done using a regression relationship between porosity and acoustic impedance derived from well log measurements. The log impedance data (both velocity and density) are affected by saturation changes related to filtrate invasion which must be corrected for, to obtain a reliable porosity-impedance relationship.A robust and practical workflow to address log quality issues begins with log data quality QC: identifying zones with missing logs or borehole affected log readings. Shear sonic logs are unavailable for many wells, which limits their use for Simultaneous inversion, and for invasion correction using a rock physics model. We constructed shear sonic logs from compressional sonic logs using a rigorous, iterative process. Gassmann's equation was then used to correct for filtrate invasion effects. Invasion effects were found to change impedance values within reservoir intervals by as much as12 %, which has implications for 4-D seismic monitoring of the reservoir.