Background: For elective cesarean birth, the anesthetic technique of preference is neuraxial anesthesia (primarily spinal anaesthesia). Adequate postsurgical analgesia is a key component of ERAS protocols; it's much more important for women who are having a cesarean birth, and it's quickly acquiring popularity. Aim of The Work:To assess the effectiveness of quadrates lumborum plane block versus Erector Spinae Plane Block as a post-operative analgesic following cesarean section. Patients and Methods: A prospective randomized controlled singleblinded clinical research study on 50 patients aged 22 to 35 years old was conducted at Al-Azhar University hospitals in Cairo. After receiving institutional ethics committee approval, she was scheduled for an elective cesarean birth under spinal anesthesia without any other surgical intervention like tubal ligation or ovarian cyst removal. Patients were randomized into 2 groups to receive either Quadratus lumborum block (QLB Group) or erector spinae block anesthesia (ESB). Each group constitute of 25 patients (n=25). Results:The results of this study showed that QLB and ESB provide a good analgesic effect in patients undergoing caesarean section. In terms of duration of analgesia and total analgesic consumption, the Erector spinae block performed better than the QLB, but there was no statistically significant difference with P= 0.158, P= 0.179, respectively. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided quadratus lumborum and erector spinae blocks provide effective modality for control of postoperative pain associated with caesarean section.

Efficacy of spinosad and malathion loaded in eco-friendly biodegradable formulations was evaluated for controlling Culex pipiens larvae. Malathion (organophosphorus larvicide) and spinosad (naturally derived insecticide) were loaded on chitosan/alginate/gelatin capsules. Capsules were characterized by size measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and water uptake. In vitro release kinetics of the larvicides was studied in the running and stagnant water. Biochemical studies on the larvae treated with technical and formulated insecticides were also demonstrated. The results indicated that the released spinosad was active for a long time up to 48 and 211 days in the running and stagnant water, respectively. However, the capsules loaded with malathion showed larvicidal activity for 20 and 27 days in the running and stagnant water, respectively. Technical and formulated malathion and spinosad had an inhibition effect on acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase, and glutathione S-transferase. The results proved that the prepared capsules consisting of biodegradable polymers containing larvicides could be effective as controlled-release formulation against C. pipiens larvae for a long period.

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