This study aimed to improve the Dyna-sand filter performance using dual coal sand media with different ratios to achieve the required efficiency. Two ratios of coal sand were applied in this study 4 sand to 1 coal and 2 sand to 1 coal to determine the best removal ratio for the Dyna sand filter unit, against different high solids loads (50 -150 ppm) and several rate of filtration (150-250) m3/m2/d. The study results showed that media with ratio (4 sand: 1 anthracite carbon), the Dyna-sand filter achieved turbidity removal ratio between (93 and 94%) with different rate of filtration and under different TSS loads. The increase of A.C. ratio achieved very smaller effect on removal efficiency between 1: 2% than the previous starting media ratio. This achievement with the coal increase is not economic effective when compared with the starting ratio. The study concluded that; the application of dual media with ratio 4 S :1 A.C. is the best modification to Dyna sand filter. The improvement in its turbidity removal ratio between 10: 20% compared with sand only against high inlet solids loads with different rates of filtration.

The study aimed to create a compact pretreatment unit before the ultrafiltration modules. This unit targeted to improve the inlet water quality to meet the average values of the feed water quality required for the ultrafiltration plants according to the manufacturer. The used unit in this study was a pipe worked as a sedimentation unit with inclined plates to apply the plate settler technology. The suitability of using this unit was determined by using varied water sources with different Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations and different retention times. The removal efficiencies for the low TSS water source reached 96.47 %, 82.94 %, 64.80 % & 30.59 % with retention time 30 minutes, 15 minutes, 5 minutes & 20 seconds respectively. For the medium TSS water source at the same retention times, the removal efficiencies reached 97.33 %, 92.87 %, 86.10 % & 63.89 %. For the high TSS water source, the removal efficiencies reached 98.64 %, 93.86 %, 87.51 % & 76.23 %. These results make the sedimentation unit able to work as an effective pretreatment unit for the ultrafiltration units for all water sources.