Objectives: Several candidate genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of which is interleukin (IL-10). In this investigation, we aimed to study the association between IL-10 (-592A/C) gene polymorphism with its level in T2DM with and without nephropathy.Methods: IL-10 (-592A/C) gene polymorphism was genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) technique and IL-10 levels were measured in two groups of T2DM, one group complicated with nephropathy and the second non-complicated.
A little is known about the relation of plasma cytokines with psychological risk factors, such as hopelessness, and the severity of depressive symptoms. The present work studied the effect of depression on plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 40 subjects. Participants included two groups; patient group included 20 nonsmoking males (aged 20-40 years), recruited from the psychiatry clinic at Kasr El-Ainy Hospital fulfilling the DSM-IV Axis I disorders criteria for major depression. Control group included 20 healthy, nonsmoking males (age matched with no current or past history of psychiatric disorders). After an overnight fast, blood samples were collected and plasma IL-6, IL-1β, and hsCRP were determined using enzymatic-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also fasting total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated on the same day that the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hopelessness Scale (HS) and full psychiatric sheet were accomplished. The results of the study showed a significant increase in depressed patients compared to normal controls as regards mean scores of BDI, HS, IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. There was, also, a significant increase in both patients with moderate and severe depression compared to patients with mild depression as regards mean scores of BDI, IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. There was, also, a significant difference between patients with mild hopelessness and those with moderate and severe hopelessness as regards mean scores of HS, IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. Conclusion: Patients with major depression revealed high levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and hsCRP. That finding makes such patients more vulnerable to cerebrovascular accidents, where elevation of plasma cytokines and inflammatory markers are considered as risk factors for myocardial infarction.
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