The optimal injection of reactive power to minimize power loss and manage voltage profiles is a difficult task that must be addressed and managed effectively for the power system's reliability. The distribution network indices like voltage stability, loss minimization, and power quality enhancement can be improved by the effective management of reactive power regulation. Aside from its interaction with reactive power management, the best location and sizing in a cost‐effective strategy have an impact on overall performance. As a broadly accepted swarm intelligence method in various engineering fields due to its simple assembly, less entails operator constraints, wild convergence speed, and better harmonizing ability between exploration and exploitation faces, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is used in conjunction with a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device in this paper to manage reactive power effectively. The WOA was implemented and compared with Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Genetic Algorithm (GA) at 100%, 150%, and 200% load in the IEEE 30 test system. The results reveal that the suggested WOA produces a greater impact on cost management, power loss, and reactive power balance than any previous evolutionary algorithm.

Background: Currency notes and coins are widely exchanged for goods and services in countries worldwide. Currency is handled by a large number of people, under a variety of personal and environmental conditions thus increase the possibility of acting as environmental vehicle for transmission of potential pathogenic microorganisms. Objectives: This study aimed to isolate microorganisms that may be carried by Egyptian currency (paper & coins), determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated bacteria and detect unusual modes of transmission of certain common diseases. Methodology: Money samples of different denominations were collected from different places (120 samples: 60 paper money and 60 metal coins).Twenty samples were collected from each place. Paper money and coins were collected in sterile plastic bags using sterile gloves and the bags were labeled. Results: Nine bacterial species were isolated; Coagulase negative staphylococci (48.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (46.7%), Bacillus spp. (30%), E.coli (10.0%), Klebsiella pneumonia (9.2%), Pseudomonas auroginosa (8.3%), Acinetobacter bumannii (7.5%), Enterococcus fecalis (3.3%), Acid fast bacilli (1.7%). And 5 fungal species were isolated; Candida albicans (38.3%), Aspergillus niger (25%), Aspergillus fumigatus (21.7%), Cryptococcus (10.8% )and Penicillium (5.8%).This study revealed the presence of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria on Egyptian currency as(MRSA) (35.7%) and (VRSA) (25%) of the total isolated Staph.aureus, (MRSE ) (34.5%) and (VRSE) (17.2%) of the total isolated Staph.epidermides and (VRE) (50%)of the total Enterococcus fecalis isolated . Conclusion: Egyptian paper currency and coins are highly contaminated and must be considered as an unusual mode of transmission of several bacteria and fungi.

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In the restructured electricity markets, transmission usage, usage costs, and loss allocation are critical issues for recovering network embedded and maintenance costs from network users. However, because of the integration of the flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) and the occurrence of power system contingencies, this allocation is more complex and critical from the utility's perspective, as it may cause volatility in transmission network costs. In this work, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) is utilized to show the effect of its integration on the system cost and cost allocation. Further, contingency conditions are common in power systems. Therefore, for determining usage, usage cost, and loss allocation volatility under UPFC‐integrated system and N‐1 contingency conditions, this work utilized a power flow tracing‐based transmission usage allocation technique. Reliability factors are used to determine transmission line flows in the event of a failure. Furthermore, contingency line flows are employed to assess transmission tariff volatility in terms of risk premiums. The cost of transmission utilization is recovered using a modified MW‐mile technique. The devised approach was put to the test on a 6‐bus system and an IEEE 14‐bus system.