Office buildings in Upper Egypt suffer from high temperature in summer due to solar radiation of this extreme hot arid climatic region. The effect of smart glass on reducing energy consumption in office buildings is well studied in temperature climates but rarely addressed for this Region. This paper aims to compare different types of glazing to define which achieves a better balance between reducing cooling energy consumption and daylight saving. Six types of glazing were simulated on the main office building of Sohag governorate-Egypt. The simulation was carried out for all orientations. Energy Plus-Design Builder simulation tool has been used to study the effect of smart glass on increasing energy efficiency. The window area-to-floor ratio was 8%, 16%, 24% and 32%. Simulation results show that smart glazing is more effective than traditional windows. Electro-chromic glass achieved the best results in reducing cooling energy consumption for window area of 32%. Also, achieving a significant reduction in cooling loads up to 43% in East orientation, 46% in South orientation and 45% in West orientation. On the other hand, it reduced glare in the East and West orientation by 64%. And, it reduced consumption of lighting energy by 60%, 61% and 57% in East, South and West, respectively. The effect of Gasochromic was increased when the window area ratio increased to 32%. For window area 32%, Gaso-chromic achieved the results of light energy similar to Electro-chromic.

The office buildings in Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt, reflect serious problems in achieving for energy efficiency as a result of increasing the use of mechanical refrigeration devices in office rooms, due to solar radiation and rising summer temperatures in recent years. Smart windows can play an important role in reducing significantly the energy consumption and maintaining energy inside buildings, also helps to control incoming solar radiation in order to minimize solar gain, especially in summer as well as ensuring the best natural lighting conditions without glare inside a room. This paper aims to evaluate the most efficient daylight and thermal performance of various types of the smart glazing and its impact on the energy consumption in the climatic conditions of one of the office buildings (Diwan governorate) in Sohag governorate as one of Upper Egypt governorates, with determining the best smart glass types for efficient use of energy. The paper follows the theoretical, applied, by studying types of smart glazing and their relation to achieving the energy efficiency. Then using (Energy Plus) simulation tool, which has been used in utilizing its modeling orientation (Design Builder) to study using types of smart glazing on the model of an office room in Building of Diwan governorate of Sohag in the four different orientations (North, East, South and West), when window-to-floor ratios (WFRs) (8%, 16%, 24% and 32%). The paper ends with a presentation of the most important results, recommendations and determination the best types of smart glass that provides energy, daylight without glare and providing greater comfort to users.

INTRODUCTION: Urgent need has recently emerged to transform hospitals from buildings that not only achieve functional requirements, but also comply with modern technologies. This is so that they are able to self-adapt to external conditions and change their behavior according to users. This is compatible with emerging trends to convert cities and buildings in developing countries to smart. OBJECTIVES: To develop a comprehensive methodology for proper dealing with smart materials & systems when constructing and finishing hospitals, leading to defining principles of an integrated architectural design for smart hospitals. METHODS: The descriptive analytical approach included theoretical background on concept of smart hospitals, types of smart materials & systems and their role in hospital design. RESULTS: An integrated methodology for proper architectural dealing with hospitals to allow them to be smart, which the study recommends to follow and complement between smart materials and systems. CONCLUSION: The research conceived a proposed methodology for the architectural design of smart hospitals and identified mechanisms for utilizing smart materials and systems in developing hospital designs

The annual energy consumption rate in Egypt rises by 3.8% every year; traditional resources represent 92% of the generated energy. Taking into consideration the near depletion of their reserve and the included environmental issues with their use, it can be imagined that the energy situation in Egypt is disastrous. Therefore, improving the energy situation in Egypt became an urgent need. Reducing energy consumption in buildings, in particular, will help in reducing the overall consumed energy, since they consume 85% of the total energy production in Egypt. The design of roof slabs for thermal insulation purposes is required to reduce the energy consumed in buildings since they are accountable for 50% of the heat gain in a one-story building. By implementing passive cooling techniques, there are the chance to overcome the increased heat gain through roofs to reach the desired savings in energy. This search aims to evaluate the effect of different passive cooling techniques, applied to a student housing building's roof in Sohag University in new Sohag city in Upper Egypt, using building information modeling (BIM) platform. A review of the related scientific papers was carried out. Through this review, a matrix of 31 variables was conducted and applied to the building's roof. Energy consumption for every variable was calculated and compared to other variables. The findings proved that choosing the right passive techniques for roofs can help in reducing energy consumption by 46%. Also, some of these techniques may have a small effect on energy consumption.

Healing diseases and getting rid of pain is a major goal of establishing hospitals as a therapeutic environment, for hospitals to achieve this goal effectively, it must have some specifications and standards that qualify them for that, including engineering quality standards, as these standards help to raise the functional performance of the medical institution and qualify it to obtain on the quality of the desired performance and includes: (security and safety, privacy, emergency, radiation safety, chemicals safety, hazardous materials and waste, infection control, fire safety) and includes a set of sub-indicators. This research aims to elicit and measure the importance of engineering quality standards and sub-indicators within hospital buildings, Based on the theoretical study of the basic components of the quality system in general, and to determine its link to the architectural aspect of hospitals in particular. This is achieved by defining engineering standards in accordance with medical standards in hospital buildings. In addition to conducting a field study and a questionnaire of the opinions of specialists in this field to arrange engineering standards and sub-indicators according to importance, based on the opinions of the sample and the results of the field study .