Objectives Postural control involves controlling the position of the body in space to achieve stability and orientation. Core stability is needed to improve balance and postural control. Whole-body vibration is a unique strategy for muscle strengthening in various clinical situations. This study compared the effects of whole-body vibration and a core stability program on balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy, with an intervention period of 12 weeks. Methods A total of 72 children with spastic cerebral palsy (hemiplegic and diplegic), of both sexes (age, 5–8 years), were selected from the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. The children were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group A underwent a core stability program for 30 min and group B underwent whole-body vibration training for 10 min, at 3 times a week for 12 weeks for both groups. Balance was assessed using the Biodex Balance System. Results A significant improvement in all variables (p < 0.05) was observed in each group, with greater improvement of all stability indices (anteroposterior, mediolateral, and overall) in group B. There were non-significant differences in all stability indices between hemiplegic and diplegic children (p > 0.05). Conclusion Whole-body vibration and core stability exercises are recommended for the treatment of children with spastic cerebral palsy. Whole-body vibration was more effective than the core stability program in improving balance in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Background Muscle weakness is a widespread problem in children with Erb’s palsy as it can cause changes in muscle architecture parameters, which can be detected by ultrasonography. This study was conducted to determine the relation between age, muscle architecture, and muscle strength in children with Erb’s palsy. A total of 40 children with Erb’s palsy from both sexes aged 1–2.5 years were included in this study. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were measured by ultrasonography, and muscle strength was measured using the active movement scale. Results A significant relation was found between age, muscle thickness, pennation angle, and muscle strength (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was found in muscle architecture parameters during relaxation and contraction in both study groups and in each study group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Muscle weakness in children with Erb’s palsy has an effect on muscle architecture parameters, and these parameters also increase with age.

Background: Children with a physical disability are known to be at higher risk of an inactive life style. The hip, knee, and ankle joints have different roles depending on the phase of walking and running. They must work together to produce and absorb forces to allow efficient movement through the stance phase. In walking there are three rockers: the heel rocker, the ankle rocker, and the forefoot rocker. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ankle rocking training on the development of gross motor functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy. Patients and methods: Thirty children diagnosed as spastic cerebral palsy according to gross motor classification system, (Grade II & III GMFCs) were selected from the Outpatient Clinic, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. The children' ages ranged from three to six years old from both sexes. This was a cross-sectional study where the selected cerebral palsied children were divided into two groups (control group and study group). The control group received traditional gait training and standing program, while the study group received the same traditional gait training and standing program in addition to gait training using ankle rocker device. Both groups received treatment program 3 times/week for three consecutive months for one hour per session. Results: It was revealed that there was a significance difference within each single group (the pre-and post-treatment) and between both groups. Conclusion: According to the current study results, there was a highly significant difference within the study group preand post-treatment and between groups in favour of the study group because of ankle rocking training.

Background: Shoulder overuse injuries represent a common complaint among adolescents. Overuse injuries usually occur as a result of muscles weakness and imbalance between shoulder external (ER) and internal rotation (IR). Muscle tendon units may have elevated risk of overuse injuries in the actively growing child because as the bone lengthens, the muscle-tendons have to stretch to keep up. This relative tightness and related poor flexibility place young athletes at increased risk of muscle-tendon strains, avulsion injuries, and muscle tears. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plyometric exercise on shoulder internal rotation for adolescent after overuse injuries. Patients and methods: A total 30 adolescents boy children were enrolled in this study, their age ranged between 15 to 18 years old. The shoulder internal rotation was evaluated by using universal goniometer. The pain intensity was evaluated by using Wong Backer Faces pain scale (WBFS). Results: All children were graded as 4 "hurts little" by WBFS. There was a significant decrease in glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) and increase shoulder internal rotation post treatment compared with that pretreatment in the group A and B (p > 0.001). Conclusion:According to results we concluded that there was significant improvement in shoulder internal rotation and decrease in GIRD for adolescents' shoulders after overuse injuries.