A comparison study of passive Optical Networks (PONs) and Active Optical Networks (AONs) had been presented. Powerful software design tool "OptiSystem" was used to perform this study. This comparison was based in terms of power consumption, communication distance, Q-factor, and bit error rate (BER) for each network system.

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Sampling is the primary functional step of an analogue to digital conversion, required for sensing, measurement, signal processing, metrology, and various data communication applications. Here we present, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the optical sampling of different microwave signals with sinc-pulse sequences with a very compact integrated silicon photonics ring modulator. By a simple time interleaving with three branches, the employed ring modulator enables ultra-compact photonic integrated analog to digital converters with a sampling rate of three times the RF bandwidth of itself and of the used photodetector and electronic devices. Therefore, its analogue bandwidth is 50% higher than the RF bandwidth of the incorporated electronics and photonics. Thus, the method might enable high-bandwidth analogue to digital converters with ultracompact footprint and lower power consumption for future communication systems, sensors, and measurement devices.

We present a broadband coherent orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver based on orthogonal sampling and low bandwidth electronic analog signal processing. Wideband superchannels, without any guardband are aggregated from low bandwidth OFDM channels in the time domain by orthogonal Nyquist sinc-pulse sequences with a rectangular bandwidth. Therefore, the method is called OFDM-Nyquist-time division multiplexing (TDM). Simulation and experimental results will be discussed for optical systems. However, with some modifications the same principle can be used for wireless or THz signals. In simulations, we show a 40 GHz bandwidth, 160 Gbps, 16-QAM, 128 OFDM x 5-Nyquist-TDM transceiver based on 4 GHz electronics for the digital-to-analog (DAC), analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion and for the digital signal processing, including Fourier transform. For the experiment, we verify the processing of a 24 GHz bandwidth, 48 Gbps QPSK, 512 OFDM x 3-Nyquist-TDM signal with a 4 GHz transmitter and receiver. Since the proposed method drastically decreases the sampling rate and bandwidth requirements for the Fourier processing, the DAC and ADC, it can be a promising alternative for future communication systems with the highest possible symbol rate.

A power-efficient, silicon photonic-based sniffer chip with tunable cascaded ring resonators is used for real-time spectrum sensing of millimeter-wave carrier signals, enabling reconfigurable temporal discrimination using peak group delay and frequency-to-time mapping.