The objective of this article was to investigate existing challenges of crop production on farmers in Afgoye District lower Shabelle Somalia. The Focus was farmer's attitude toward existing or not constraints to their crop production and what the experts have seen and what are far from their perception. Sixty famers and academic experts were distributed questionnaires and interview about the constraints of crop production other than agricultural disciplines. This paper used survey descriptive research which facilitates easily connection between past constrains and challenges of crop production. Questionnaire was comprised in the following two parts; Part one; demographic variables and Part two; objective related questions. The study found both major and minor constraints are exists in the Somali farmers. The major constraints include unstable weather, water scarcity, pests damaging crops, and poor transportation, and minor constraints such as inability to access and use such as seed and fertilizers, lack of capital to buy, inadequate investment in irrigation which makes farmers very vulnerable to drought, and there is less knowledge and skill of all farmers. The finding with highest percentage that was challenged in Afgoye farmer was "there is fear of gunner and thieves in the farmers" and 75% of respondents strongly agreed and second question with highest score is "there is fear of conflict between rebels and government", and 61.7% of them selected strongly agreed.

This study was conducted in two districts in Mogadishu, particularly smallholders to determine the Common gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites of Somali Goats. During the last two years, researchers meet many cases of goats having diarrhea, anemia and loss of body weight. That is the reason to conduct this study. The methodology of this study is explanation research with using lab technician for studied current prevalence cases of gastro-intestinal parasite of goat in Mogadishu Somalia. Study areas were two districts (Dayniile and Wadajir) located in Mogadishu Benadir region, Somali. Researcher has collected sample of feces from Somali goats in smallholders and transported the fecal containing box to the laboratory Room at University campus. Researchers made examination of fecal using Direct Smear Fecal Exam and then used Light microscope for identification of parasite eggs and oocytes, with 10× or 40× objective magnification. Data analysis was percentage and P value ≤ 0.005. Result: The result of this study revealed an overall prevalence of Gastro-intestinal parasites of Somali goats in the investigated area was 72.1% that means 62 samples were positive, and 24 samples were negative of gastro-intestinal parasites. Haemonchus spp (Nematodes) and Coccidia (Eimeria spp) were the most prevalent parasites recorded in all the 62 positive samples, having Haemonchus 23 (26.74%) and Eimeria spp 38 (44.19%); the second highest groups were all nematode with percentage Strongyloides 22 (25.58%), and Trichostrongylus 17 (19.77%). This study revealed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the common gastro-intestinal parasites on Somali goats, except the District Village which has P > 0.05 that equals to P = 0.235. Recommendation: Researcher recommends making seasonal deworming to Somali goats in small holders which will reduce the prevalence and incidence of gastro-intestinal parasites in Somali goats. How to cite this paper: Abdi-Soojeede, M.I. (2018) Common Gastro-Intestinal Parasites of Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) from Mogadishu, Somalia. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8, 232-240.

The main aim of this report is to determine the phenotypic characteristics of Somali indigenous chickens. This research is the initial stage toward a future initiative to differentiate and improve Somali local chicken breeds. There are several indigenous and exotic chicken breeds in Somalia, as well as many other hybrids of chicken; however, this study focused on indigenous breeds that differ in body form, colors, comb type, and capacity to adapt to a given environment in Somalia. The five main indigenous chicken breeds in Somalia. The first indigenous chicken (IC) is Dooro Tiyeglow (Tiyeglow chicken), they have well adapted mostly to agro-pastoral communities’ regions like Bakool region and it has a remarkable beard feather, it also has a single upright comb broad.  The second (IC), is Qoordiir (Naked Neck chicken), which is indigenous chicken mostly they have some tassel in the front part of its neck. The prominent plumage color is white and red stripes or red with white strips. Third (IC), is Dooro Jarray (Somali short chicken), this chicken is part of an eco-friendly chicken and is well-known for its small body size. And the common feature of this chicken is black shanks or gray-black shanks. Fourth (IC) is Dooro Buuftoy (Ovambo chickens), this chicken is considered to be smaller in size than exotic chickens, yet it comes in black and red colors. This has a strong personality and is very aggressive. The Fifth (IC) is Dooro Sawahili (Swahili chicken) this chicken is an exotic species that interbreed many local chickens, comes from many angles, has a huge body frame, and is good in egg production. The recommendation of this study is to undertake a government policy to encourage the conservation of Somalia's indigenous chicken breeds in order to prevent extinction and to make development and improvement of local chickens.

The objective of this study is to determine the community perception on drinking water quality in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers tried to declare quality of water in Mogadishu, and if they are aware source of pollution of waters. The study provided a description of a variety of aspects related to perceptions of drinking water in Mogadishu community of Somalia. Method: The study area was people living the capital city of Somalia, Mogadishu, and some academic students irrespective of districts which they live. This study was descriptive research with specifically cross-sectional survey using designed questionnaire added interpretation to local Somali language. The target population was 65 individuals, but researchers made sample size calculation using confidence interval and confidence level. After that, we got sample size 52 individuals. The sample procedure was non-probability purposive sampling. The data analyzed method was descriptive research, with mean and standard deviation, with using software SPSS version 16 applied in this study. Result: The results of Table 10 showed: 71.7% of respondents strongly agreed and agreed (45.3% and 26.4% respectively) that Good water quality is very important issue, with mean score 2.02 out of 5. Also 73.5% of respondents accepted (35.8% strongly greed and 37.7% agreed) they worried about water quality in Benadir region with mean score 2.04 out of 5. The respondents were asked questions related to perception of water quality by rating it. The majority respondents (30.2%) rated the overall water quality of their local wells as "Good"; some of them (28.2%) perceived water quality as "Adequate or Normal". This questions has mean score (2.70 out of 6) and standard deviation (1.265). Of respondents, they rated the quality of their drinking water. The majority (32.1%) perceived quality of water is "Good" and has not reached excellent; 28.2% of them selected "Adequate or Normal"; 18.9% believed their drinking water is "Poor"; and last 15.1%, 1.9% and 3.8% of them selected "Very Poor", "Excellent" and "I Don't Know" respectively.

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