Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of alopecia that does not leave scars and can affect any portion of the body or scalp. It accounts for 25% of all cases of alopecia, making it one of the most prevalent causes of hair loss treated by dermatologists. Psychosocial stigmatization makes it hard for AA patients to advocate for better medical care and treatment. To treat AA, azathioprine can be used as an effective alternative therapy, and it can be introduced early on in the treatment timeline. In the treatment of inflammatory and immune-mediated skin problems, methotrexate is a common conventional immunosuppressant. The objective of this review is to assess the possible role of both Azathioprine and methotrexate in Management of AA. Development: Azathioprine and methotrexate were all looked for in PubMed, Google scholar, and Science direct. References from relevant literature were also evaluated by the authors, but only the most recent or complete study from March 2010 to May 2021 was included. Due to the lack of sources for translation, documents in languages other than English have been ruled out. Papers that did not fall under the purview of major scientific investigations, such as unpublished manuscripts, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and dissertations, were omitted. Conclusion: Methotrexate as well as azathioprine can be considered an effective monotherapy or adjunctive for treating alopecia areata.

Background: One to two percent of the population globally suffers from vitiligo, an acquired depigmentation condition of multifactorial etiology. Macules and patches of depigmentation characterize vitiligo. People's moods are affected greatly and depressingly by it. As a result, prompt and effective therapy is necessary. Many individuals are able to slow the advancement of the disease, acquire repigmentation, and achieve cosmetically appealing results with proper therapy. There is a wide range of treatments for vitiligo, including topical corticosteroids (TCS) as monotherapy (as for vitiligo local therapy) or in conjunction with phototherapy or other topical medications in generalized vitiligo. Intermittent administration of large (pharmacological) dosages to maximize therapeutic benefit and prevent side effects is known as dexamethasone oral mini pulse (OMP) treatment. Objective: to determine the success of oral dexamethasone in vitiligo management. Conclusion: In vitiligo patients, when corticosteroids are provided at the onset or at early stages of disease, they can reduce disease progression and promote repigmentation and in some cases total repigmentation.

Background: It is a common and reversible hair loss illness known as alopecia areata (AA). Hair loss on the scalp and other regions of the body can begin as a patchy area of full hair loss which may develop to the entire loss of all hair on the body. It is uncertain what causes AA but it is characterized by hair cycle disruption and the presence of mononuclear cell infiltrates in the perifollicular, as well as peribulbar areas. There have been numerous studies that have shown that AA has been linked to various autoimmune illnesses, including vitiligo. Autoimmune disease is becoming more prevalent, and researchers have found a link between chronic inflammation and HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1). Objective: To evaluate the role of (HMGB1) protein in pathogenesis of AA. Conclusion: HMGB1 is a promising predictor of prognosis and treatment responsiveness in the pathophysiology of alopecia areata.