Background -The oral cavity can be home for a wide variety of lesions. To date, biopsy has remained the gold standard for diagnosing these lesions. Purpose -This study was carried out to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cytology in the oral lesions and to address the cytologic-histologic correlation.Patients and Methods -This prospective study included 72 patients with intraoral lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or scrap cytology was performed. The smears were immediately fixed in 95% alcohol for Papanicolaou staining. If there was sufficient material, cell block was prepared. When indicated immunocytochemical study was ordered. Final cytologic results were then compared with the definitive histopathological diagnoses which were considered the gold standard. Results -Cytologically, 28 patients (38.9%) were diagnosed as benign/atypical and 44 (61.1%) as malignant/suspicious. The most common benign cytologic diagnosis was inflammation (42.9% of benign cases). The most common malignant cytologic diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma (36.4%). Cytologic diagnoses were compared with histopathologic ones. There were 3 false negative cases and one false positive case. The sensitivity was 93.5%; specificity was 96.2%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 97.7%; negative predictive value (NPV) was 89.3% with a diagnostic accuracy of 94.4%. P-value was <0.001. Kappa was 0.882. Conclusion -FNAC was found to be highly accurate in the diagnosis of oral lesions. Detailed cytomorphologic examination coupled with clinical data and appropriate immunocytochemical study, in some cases, can lead to an accurate diagnosis. Overlapping features of some tumors, especially in minor salivary gland, as well as limitation of sampling, were responsible for the inaccurate diagnoses.

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Background Breast microcalcifications are one of the most difficult mammographic findings to assess. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the assessment of suspicious microcalcification and in predicting the grade of DCIS. Methods Three hundred and forty cases with suspicious microcalcification were reviewed in this study. We excluded 160 cases associated with masses. We enrolled 180 cases for analysis of suspicious microcalcification on mammograms with no underlying masses. We reviewed the microcalcification for their morphology, distribution, and associated pathological enhancement according to BI-RADS lexicon with pathology results reviewed and classified into benign and malignant which subdivided into low, intermediate, or high-grade DCIS or invasive carcinoma. Results Three hundred and forty cases with suspicious microcalcification were reviewed in this study. We excluded 160 cases associated with masses. Forty-five of 180 cases were benign, and 135/180 cases were malignant. Twenty-five of 135 cases were diagnosed as invasive breast carcinomas while 110/135 were ductal carcinoma in situ. From the latter, 110 patients with DCIS, 22/110 cases were low grade, 11/110 cases were intermediate grade, and 77/110 cases were high grade (44 with micro-invasion). A total of 25 invasive carcinomas showed pathological non-mass enhancement, 76/77 cases of high-grade DCIS, and 6/11 cases of intermediate-grade DCIS. No abnormal enhancement appeared with benign entities, low-grade DCIS, and 5/11 cases of intermediate DCIS. The diagnostic performance of CESM in anticipation of high grade in DCIS patients was sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 81.8%, and accuracy of 93.1%. CESM sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in prediction of invasiveness or high-grade DCIS were 98.5%, 81.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion CESM can provide a fundamental contribution in the evaluation of suspicious microcalcification as high-grade DCIS or invasive component can present by non-mass enhancement, but enhancement paucity is favorable to diagnose benign lesion or non-invasive/low-grade DCIS.

This paper tackles "Smart campus" concept as a new approach for urban design and urban planning. This concept combines multiple interrelated aspects. These aspects have an immense reflection on the efficiency of smart campus open spaces. Adding to that, it also eases the transition from traditional transition open spaces to smart interactive outdoor spaces. This