In this review, collected information related to Moringa Oleifera seeds was evaluated, such as their properties and the main active components involved in their processes, as well as their dual efficiency as both antimicrobials and natural coagulants for treating contaminated effluents. Furthermore, discussions were completed about perspectives on progress related to this field of research to understand the bioactive properties of these seed compounds, including their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity. In addition to the coagulant properties that have been quantitatively assessed, studies have examined the underlying coagulating mechanism, and seed processing techniques. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of conventional coagulants (metals or polymers) have led to numerous research efforts towards the development of natural plant-based coagulants that are eco-friendly to treat wastewater and offer a large variety of other advantages, such as their wide availability, the reduction of by-product generation, the reduction of costs, and greater biodegradability. Based on the results of different researchers, and regarding the appraisals using Moringa Oleifera seeds for wastewater treatment processes, many studies encourage their use for those operations. Due to their extensive and potent properties as an antibacterial and a coagulant, Moringa Oleifera seeds are still used today as a promising wastewater treatment method. Finally, this paper provides suggestions and comments, as well as identifies the knowledge gaps, and makes recommendations for future research development strategies, such as studying the contents of Moringa Oleifera seeds, their interactions with colloids present in wastewater, understanding their stability and behavior, assessing the performance of seed-derived flocculants according to pH values, isolating and characterizing the active compounds to determine the toxicity and optimum dose to be used as effective antimicrobials, and removing heavy metals.

The wastewater from rural areas or small agglomerations usually discharged in an unsuitable manner requires an appropriate treatment. The constructed wetland has revealed a great potential due to the good performance, reasonable investment and easier management. The aim of this article is to present the results of the adaptation period (45 days) of a substitute plant, Papyrus Cyperus, in the new environment. Investigations were carried out on a concrete vertical filter of 12 m2 filled with gravel available on the local market. Monitoring was provided mainly through two squares of 1 m2 each. The results were compared with a control square planted in natural soil. The filter and the control square were planted with a density of 3 plants / m2 and were fed by necessary water needs. At the completion of the adaptation phase, the density increased by 26 stems at each Square of the filter. The stems exceeded 1 m in height (Square 1: 110 cm ± 0.9, Square 2: 123.5 cm ± 0.7 and control Square: 113 cm ± 0.9). The mean perimeter exceeded 5 cm at the filter (square 1: 5.6 cm ± 0.5 and square 2: 5.5 cm ± 0.1) and almost 4 cm in the control square (3.7 cm ± 0, 2). The shoots reached during the last half of the adaptation period 20 shoots in the Squares of the filter and 16 shoots in the control square. It should be noted that the young stems are adapted quickly than the older ones. Papyrus Cyperus plants have completed this phase with good health (absence of disease symptoms) and organ development similar to control plants.

The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of coagulation-flocculation, and sedimentation tests to reduce contaminant concentrations in domestic wastewater to ecologically acceptable levels. The tests were performed at the (ONEE) laboratory using a jar test apparatus (GPB FLCDidatec, France) for enhancing the primary treatment of domestic wastewater effluent from the wastewater plant of Ain Aouda City, Rabat, Morocco. Aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O (termed alum) was employed as a coagulant in the study. The impact of coagulant doses and pH at optimum dosage on the process of coagulation was studied and conditions were optimized to obtain the best removal of studied pollutants. The evolution of physico-chemical parameters pre-and post-treatment was monitored to determine the efficacy of the process. The turbidity and total suspended solids (TSS) were the best indicators of the treatment’s efficacy of coagulant concentration (150mg/L) within the pH optimum of 7. Laboratory tests have shown 98.4% of turbidity, and 97% total suspended solids removal at initial concentrations of 121 NTU, 220 mg/L respectively. Also, it has shown good removal efficiency for COD, BOD5 of the order 83%, 77% at initial concentrations of 340 mg/L, 150 mg/L respectively. Following the coagulation tests, the examination of the main parameters studied revealed that the degree of contamination had decreased. This is confirmed that Aluminium sulphate as a coagulant has proven its effectiveness in the treatment of domestic wastewater in this study.

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This research aimed to investigate the performance of seeds extract of Moringa Oleifera (MO) as an eco-friendly coagulant and an alternative practice in enhancing primary domestic wastewater effluent treatment by coagulation/flocculation, and sedimentation. The seeds of Moringa Oleifera were dried, crushed, and sieved, the content of oil was extracted with n-hexane as a solvent employing soxhlet apparatus (electro thermal) then used the residue as domestic wastewater coagulant. Jar tests were conducted for improve the primary treatment of domestic wastewater effluent from the wastewater plant of Ain Aouda city, Rabat, Morocco. For this reason, perform of coagulation tests was comparative with using aluminium sulphate (alum). Moringa Oleifera seeds extract at the optimal dose of 250 mg/L shows encouraging results, by comparison with the use of alum (150 mg/L). In reality, in terms of TSS reduction 95.5% and 96.8%, while turbidity reduction 97.5% and 98.1% were obtained for MO seeds extract and alum, respectively. But, the reduction rate of COD and BOD of Alum was somewhat higher than that of MO seeds extract 81.8% and 76.8% for COD, while were 75.5% and 72% for BOD respectively. Differently from alum, observed that increase in the extract of MO seeds dosage happened a slight change in pH value, decrease conductivity, and three times less bulky quantity of sludge than alum. For avoiding the numerous disadvantages associated with the use of chemical coagulants, the usage of Moringa Oleifera seeds extracts is recommended.