We describe the changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections in NICU at Leeds over 2008-2013 using laboratory and clinical data. Method Leeds neonatal service experienced an increased number of cases of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation and bacteraemia in [2008][2009]. A series of infection control interventions were implemented stepwise including:• asepsis training.• weekly screening.• adoption of the Saving Lives central venous catheter package, • daily antiseptic skin washes in neonates >28 weeks.• 2% Chlorhexidine for skin asepsis prior to invasive procedures.Results There has been a noticeable success in reduction in MRSA infections and no bacteraemia has been reported since 2009 (Graph 1). A similar improvement has not been seen in Meticillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteraemia. A retrospective review carried out to review MSSA bacteraemia since 2008: 71% (27 of 38) cases were in neonates under 28 weeks, a vulnerable cohort currently excluded from daily skin washes. Conclusions Given an association between MSSA colonisation and infection, further work should investigate infection control strategies that effectively target the highest risk groups and include active surveillance for MSSA and MRSA with subsequent decolonization.

Introduction Brainstem disconnection syndrome is a rare and severe disease resulting from a midbrain–hindbrain segmental defect. Clinical signs include a severe neurological impairment, an early death (usually during the first year of life), and pathognomonic postnatal brain imaging features. Two major hypotheses are proposed to explain the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome, namely an inborn error of morphogenesis or a vascular disruption defect. Case Report and Literature Review Here we report on prenatal (ultrasound; fetal MRI) and postnatal (MRI) neuroimaging findings observed in a full‐term female newborn with a brainstem disconnection syndrome. The prenatal and postnatal findings point toward an early fetal vascular disruption defect as the pregnancy was marked by three episodes of hospitalization resulting from a very severe maternal dehydration. The first episode took place as early as the 18th week of gestation. Our clinical follow‐up at 1 year age is well in line with the findings observed in 13 other cases reported in the literature. Interestingly, among these 13 cases, a vascular disruption defect was suggested in 8 patients and confirmed by autopsy in at least 2 cases. Conclusion In the present report, we bring objective evidence for the antenatal cause of a brainstem disconnection syndrome resulting from a vascular disruption defect occurring in the context of a severe maternal dehydration. In particular, our neuroimaging findings observed during pregnancy and after birth illustrate the prenatal occurrence of this vascular disruption defect.

Parmi les infections congénitales, le cytomégalovirus ( cmv ) a l’incidence la plus élevée en France mais ne fait pas l’objet d’un dépistage systématique en raison des difficultés diagnostiques, des récurrences et de l’absence de traitement prénatal validé. Sa prise en charge postnatale a beaucoup changé ces dernières années avec l’introduction du valgancyclovir qui permet un traitement oral de 6 semaines à 6 mois. L’incidence de la toxoplasmose congénitale décroît depuis plusieurs décennies et est environ dix fois moindre que celle du cmv . Sa prise en charge pré et postnatale a permis d’en atténuer fortement la gravité avec un bon pronostic neurosensoriel à long terme. Le lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( lcmv ) et le Zika virus, dont les vecteurs sont respectivement les rongeurs et les moustiques Aedes , sont responsables d’atteintes cérébrales sévères avec calcifications diffuses, hydrocéphalie et atrophie cérébrale et n’ont pas de traitement antiviral connu.

Background: Duration of antibiotic treatment in neonatal late onset sepsis is empirical.