Various tools were used in the investigation and analysis processes of the iron window grille of sabil Ramadan. Metallographic Microscope, SEM-EDS Microscope, Carbon-Sulfur, and XRD analysis indicated that the iron window grille was manufactured from low carbon steel. X-ray diffraction of corrosion products showed that they mainly consist of Magnetite Fe3O4, Goethite α-FeO(OH), and Akaganeite β-FeO(OH). Such information regarding the iron window may assist in the conservation process of this iron window. Coatings and inhibitors are used in a wide range in this field, where Special methods are required either for protection or treatment to stop or reduce corrosion rate. Experiments were performed on coupons simulating iron window to evaluate the efficiency of polyamide by using electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization resistance (RP)). It gave sufficient protection and good results of the electrochemical measurements. Tannic acid diluted in 5% methyl alcohol (coating) and polyamide (inhibitor) applied to protect the iron window grille.

The interactions between the metal and the surroundings are responsible for electrochemical reactions that contribute to corrosion. To mitigate or deter corrosion of exposed metal in a corrosive environment, and corrosion agent must be applied to the metal surface to prevent further oxidation and therefore the presence of corrosion materials. One of the common techniques used by professionals associated in conservation-restoration to preserve metallic cultural heritage is the corrosion inhibitors. The second section of the thesis deals with the conservation and management by using an environmentally friendly corrosion agent of the corrosion of brass composite brass leather parts from the Bulaq Museum, Cairo, Egypt. Microscope Optical and scanning electron Analysis was performed to determine the microstructure of the alloy. Determining the alloy chemical composition of the identified objects using dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), corrosion products were established. Finally, the effectiveness of composites between industrial corrosion inhibitors and surfactant materials was identified by the positive effects of (TTA + SLS) on handling. Before and after treatments the brass surfaces were described using SEM, EDS, XRD, FTIR, and XPS.

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Objects from the Thamar regional museum in Yemen were used in the investigation. In addition to a thick layer of light-green/brown corrosion result, they also had a rust-colored black and brown layer with tiny pieces and a scattering of pale green. Corrosion and its products will be examined in-depth in this study, which will assist us in better understanding the corrosive causes and degradation processes, as well as to identify the metals that comprise the chosen objects produced during long-term entombment. Both items' samples were investigated using Metallographic Microscope (ME) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for this purpose, while corrosion products were evaluated by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), while the bulk elements of the objects were determined using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Copper, atacamite, and paratacamite have been identified by XRD analysis as the corrosion products of the leaded bronze alloy. Microscopy shows that the two items have been damaged in certain areas. Chemical cleaning was selected for the treatment of the artifacts based on the information gathered. To investigate the synergistic impact of adding 25 ppm of potassium iodide (KI) to the stock solution of the corrosion inhibitor sodium (Z)-4-oxo-4-p-tolyl-2-butenoate, in this work, the effect of potassium iodide as an improvement chemical was examined (SOTB). For the preservation of old leaded bronze items, this combination has been tested. Synergistic effects between KI and the chosen inhibitor were shown to be beneficial.

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