Galls and their inducing insects represent one of the most challenges that facing entomologists because of their unique life history and the highly characteristic gall structure. Gall-inducing insects and their distributions in Egypt of little studies which depend on few researchers from countries of Europe during their scientific journeys. Asphondylia punica (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is associated with one of the most important medicinal plants, the Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). A. punica induces fusiform swellings galls on the stem of A. halimus with multiple chambers. The interaction between the gall inducer Asphondylia punica and its host plant A. halimus were studied. The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the number of galls per plant and the plant cover but there was no correlation between the number of galls per plant and altitude. The predicted distributions of Asphondylia punica in Egypt were done by using MaxEnt technique. The results showed that the prediction distribution of Asphondylia punica and its host plant Atriplex halimus is concentrated in Mediterranean coastal regions.

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This study was planned to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Gram negative bacteria isolated from birds of prey (Raptors).A total of 281 fecal swabs was collected from Raptors in Giza zoo. All isolates were subjected to bacteriological and biochemical examination, and some of them to serological and PCR analysis. The results of bacterial isolation revealed that E. coli was isolated with percentage of 51.1%, SalmonellaTyphimurium (1.8%), Proteus spp.(30.9%), Shigella spp.(5.6%), Enterobacter spp.(4.6%), Citrobacter spp.(3.2%), and Pseudomonas spp. (2.8%). The isolated E. coli strains, were found belong to O serotypes in order of frequency

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A total of 42 stands representing different habitats of the Saint Katherine protectorate (SKP) have been chosen to represent the most common plant communities of the Saint Katherine Protectorate. In total, 52 species were found in the vegetation survey. The species that had been recorded in the study area in vegetation were itemized on a list, and the total species recorded belonged to 24 families. At the family level, Compositae has the highest contribution to the total species ( 10 species = 19.23 %), followed by Labiateae ( 9 species = 17.31 %), followed by Cruciferae (4 species = 7.69 %), Zygophyllaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Caryophyllaceae (each comprises 3 species = 5.77%), At the species level and from vegetation survey, Teucrium polium has the highest presence percentage ( 34 stand = 81 %), followed by Nepeta septemcrenata and Phlomis aurea (32 stand = 76.2 %), Chiliadenus montanus and Seriphidium herba-album (29 stand = 69 %), Echinops spinosus and Tanacetum sinaicum (27 stand = 64.3 %), Stachys aegyptiaca (25 stand = 59.5 %), Ballota undulata (24 stand = 57.1 %), Achillea fragrantissima (22 stand = 52.4 %).