Background: Episiotomy is a term used to describe a (simple) surgical procedure that is usually done using surgical scissors to widen the opening of the vagina at the time of the birth of the child's head to protect the mother from injury to the anal area during childbirth. Aim of Study:To assess efficacy of limited mediolateral episiotomy during delivery of primigravidae regarding maternal and neonatal outcome.

A NATURAL herbal product well-known as Astragalus membranaceus root that is widely distributed in China; contains many biologically active components that are used for medicinal purposes. This study determined the value of supplementation Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP) to the daily feed on hematological constituents, rumen parameters, immunoglobulins, and antioxidant response in Egyptian Rahmani sheep. In addition to, the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity study of AM extract. A total number of twenty-five Rahmani sheep were joined randomly in our study with average weight (60-70 kg) and age (5-6 years old). After 2 weeks of adaptation, sheep received 20 g/ animal/ day of (AMP) mixed with their daily feed for 28 days. Statistical significant increase in hematological components, leukocyte count, catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M, and Immunoglobulin G contents after 14 days and 28 days of the daily feed of 20g of AMP that enhanced by time with no difference in insulin level. In contrast, malondialdehyde showed a lower concentration on 14 and 28 days of supplementation with an increase in total volatile fatty acid and rumen ammonia nitrogen content after AMP fed on days 14, and 28 compared to zero days with enrichment in protozoal activity. The in-vitro study showed AMP possesses a potent anti-inflammatory activity.We concluded that, using AMP as a natural feed additive can enhance hematology and rumen parameters with improvement in immunity and antioxidant activity in Rahmani sheep. Also, it possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

E CHOCARDIOGRAPHIC and the related hemato-biochemical reference measurements are not reported in Rahmany sheep in Egypt before. Our goal is to record the normal echocardiographic dimensions using M-mode and Doppler techniques in such breed of sheep in Egypt along with related selected hemato-biochemical values. In 25 clinically healthy female Rahmany sheep aged between 4 and 5 years with a weight of 70-80 kg, selected to be non pregnant and non lactating, echocardiography was conducted for wake sheep in the lateral recumbency. M-mode echocardiography parameters include Left ventricle end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, interventricular septal thickness in diastole and systole, left ventricle free wall thickness in diastole and systole, heart rate, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, cardiac output, stroke volume, fraction shortening, and ejection fraction. Aortic root diameter, left atrium diameter, and the left atrium / aortic diameter ratio were recorded. Doppler echocardiography was used for the assessment of the aortic and pulmonary artery blood flow velocities: peak velocity (PV) and pressure gradient (PG). The Left ventricle diastolic parameters including early (E max ) and late (A max ) velocities and, E max /A max ratio, were obtained. Whole blood and serum samples for selected hematological and serum biochemical constituents include protein profile, total bilirubin, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, cardiac troponin I, potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Differences were reported in Rahmany sheep when compared to other breeds of sheep.In conclusion, Echocardiographic, and hemato-biochemical measurements in Rahmany sheep can provide normal reference ranges that could be useful in the accurate detection of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities to help in the diagnosis of heart diseases.